General information Preservatives that are often found in cosmetics include formaldehyde, quaternium-15, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, parabens mix, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one + 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MCI/MI, Kathon CG), and methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN, Euxyl K400). Polyhexamethylenebiguanide, a biocide structurally related to hexamidine, is added to cosmetics…
See also Calcium channel blockers General information Prenylamine is a coronary vasodilator that depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium-channel blocking activity. It has been used in the treatment of angina pectoris, but it often causes ventricular dysrhythmias and…
General information Prenalterol has dobutamine-like positive inotropic effects and has been used in severe heart failure [ ] and to treat overdosage with beta-blockers [ ] and amitriptyline [ , ]. You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership…
See also Antiepileptic drugs General information Like gabapentin, pregabalin (3-isobutyl GABA) binds to the alpha-2 delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels. It has been evaluated in patients with epilepsy, neuropathic pain of various sorts, including painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, generalized…
See also Probiotics General information The concept of prebiotics, as originally stated [ ], was manipulation of the composition of the gut flora by encouraging the growth of endogenous gut organisms, as an alternative to probiotics (qv), such as Bifidobacterium…
See also Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists General information Prazosin is an alpha 1 -adrenoceptor antagonist. Its main uses are in the treatment of hypertension, congestive cardiac failure, Raynaud’s syndrome, and the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, but it has also been used…
General information Praziquantel, initially introduced as a veterinary cesticidal drug, was found to have efficacy against all the human species of schistosomes (including cerebral forms), fasciolopsiasis, cysticercosis, paragonimiasis (lung fluke), Clonorchis sinensis (oriental liver fluke), and Opisthorchis viverrini infections. It…
See also HMG coenzyme-A reductase inhibitors General information Pravastatin is an HMG coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, used to modify serum lipid concentrations. Drug studies Placebo-controlled studies In a placebo-controlled study of 1142 patients with hypercholesterolemia who took pravastatin for 8–16…
See also Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) General information Pranoprofen is an arylalkanoic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug [ ], which has been used topically in the eyes, for example to treat chronic allergic conjunctivitis [ ] and as an anti-inflammatory and…
See also Leukotriene receptor antagonists General information Pranlukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist. It was developed primarily for the Japanese market and there is little international experience of it. To date, adverse events have occurred in under 1% of patients…