Introduction * Just prior to publication, the FDA reported on invasive infections in two immunocompromised patients who received a fecal transplant from a donor found to be infected with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E.coli). One of the subjects died.…
Children with neurologic motor disorders such as cerebral palsy (CP) and muscular dystrophies are a challenging, diverse population of patients who require an innovative approach to nutritional management. These children and their families experience unique and daunting challenges. Medical expenses…
Introduction The skeleton has a variety of functions, including mechanical support, protection of soft tissues, locomotion, hematopoiesis, energy homeostasis, and acid–base buffering. The skeleton is the largest reservoir for calcium and phosphate in the body. Chronic gastrointestinal (GI) and liver…
Hippocrates was the first to define the term “diarrhea” literally from the Greek “rhea” (to flow) and “dia” (through). Diarrhea is defined as the passage of at least three loose or watery stools in a 24-hour period. It is further…
The preferred route for the nutritional support of a sick child is via the alimentary canal. The first option is always to determine if a palatable oral diet that meets the patient’s nutritional needs can be absorbed and tolerated. When…
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is the intravenous administration of nutrients necessary for the maintenance of life. The nutrient components of PN include dextrose, amino acids, fat, electrolytes, multivitamins, and trace elements. Clinicians who are caring for infants and children should pay…
Tubes are an integral part of gastroenterology practice and have been used in clinical care as well as in research for more than a century. A multitude of tubes are available to allow access to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They…
Normal Growth and Body Composition in Children Age-appropriate growth is the hallmark of adequate nutrition; children with abnormal growth patterns should be evaluated for diet adequacy, organic disease, and access to food. Universally, growth can be measured objectively, but growth…
Introduction Infancy, considered as the time of birth until erect posture is assumed, is a highly vulnerable period of life, especially where nutrition is concerned. Infants have high nutrient requirements, are unable to secure food for themselves, and have immature…
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a rare group of neoplasms, especially in children and adolescents, with an estimated incidence of 0.18 cases per million in individuals younger than 19 years of age, approximately one-tenth of that observed in adults. As…