Introduction Trauma is the most common cause of death and disability for children in the United States, with up to half of injuries resulting in long-term sequelae. Children with multiple injuries present particular challenges to both their families and the…
Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge and thank Dr. Eric C. McCarty and Dr. Gregory A. Mencio for their contributions to the previous versions of this chapter. Introduction The goal of anesthesia in the management of fractures in children…
Introduction Inflicted physical abuse to children is a grotesque act that no one likes to diagnose. This phenomenon accounts for nearly 20% of all child maltreatment cases, which encompass a spectrum of offenses including neglect, sexual and physical abuse, and…
Introduction In the words of Mercer Rang, “children are not small adults.” Epidemiology of Youth Sports The popularity of youth sports continues to grow and increasing participation of children at younger ages is being seen. Approximately 30 to 44 million…
Introduction Upper extremity injury is one the most common presenting complaints after trauma in the pediatric population. Fractures of the forearm represent 40% of fractures in all age groups of children. Upper extremity fractures and dislocations are slightly more common…
Acknowledgment The authors would like to acknowledge and thank Dr. Neil E. Green and Dr. Nathan L. Van Zeeland for their contributions to the previous versions of this chapter. Introduction Fractures about the elbow are extremely common, and injuries about…
Clavicle Relevant Anatomy The clavicle, or collar bone, is an S-shaped bone anterior to the base of the neck. Through articulations with the sternum medially and with the scapula at the acromion process laterally, it serves as an osseous connection…
Acknowledgement The expertise and contribution of this chapter’s prior authors (Drs. Alvin C. Crawford and Charles T. Mehlman) are greatly appreciated. Introduction Fractures and injuries about the foot and ankle in children are common and can have an important functional…
Introduction Nonphyseal fractures of the tibia and fibula are among the most common injuries involving the lower extremities in children and adolescents. They are second only to fractures of the femur as a cause for hospital admissions for pediatric trauma.…
Introduction Traumatic forces applied to an immature knee result in fracture patterns that differ from those seen in adults. As in other anatomic regions in a growing child, the cartilaginous structures around the knee are weaker than the ligaments and…