Summary and Key Features Metal ions have been used in topically applied skin care treatments for centuries While their use was initially based on empiricism, scientific data now explains many of the observed effects Well-established benefits for zinc include healing…
Summary and Key Features Dead sea magnesium salts have a variety of skin rejuvenating benefit Sea mud is used in facial masks and body wraps Brown algae contains antioxidants called phlorotannins Red algae mycosporine-like amino acids are natural photoprotectors Astaxanthin…
Summary and Key Features There are 1100 herbal ingredients used in topically applied products Secondary metabolites are small molecules from herbs that produce clinical activity Product development of herbal containing formulations is complex with less predictable functionality due to variations…
Summary and Key Features Many skin diseases are accompanied by abnormal skin barrier function Epidermal lipids are required for normal skin barrier function Physiologic lipids contribute to the pool of lipids delivered to the stratum corneum; nonphysiologic lipids do not…
Summary and Key Features Niacinamide is a water-soluble, stable, low molecular weight vitamin that readily penetrates the stratum corneum. Niacinamide has been used topically in prevention of photodamage, reduction in acne, improvement in bullous pemphigoid, and treatment of rosacea and…
Summary and Key Features L-ascorbic acid is a water soluble antioxidant Vitamin C serves as a co-factor for the enzymes that synthesize collagen Topically applied vitamin C confers photoprotection Vitamin C inhibits tyrosinase and is an effective skin lightener Topical…
Summary and Key Features Retinoids are naturally occurring derivatives of betacarotene ascribed as vitamin A and its direct metabolites. Retinol has been studied extensively for topical treatment of photodamage and acne with currently marketed cosmetic products containing relatively low levels…
Summary and Key Features Cosmeceutical formulations are tested through noninvasive techniques to insure consumer efficacy. Photography and image analysis are use to analyze surface texture and wrinkle improvement through the use of cosmeceuticals. Transepidermal water loss is a measure of…
Summary and Key Features Delivery systems are intended to maximize performance and provide consumer-perceivable benefits with excellent aesthetic attributes to provide a unique feel and form. Successful delivery systems must consider pH, solubility, compatibility, stability, and preservation. Emulsions are the…
Summary and Key Features Stratum corneum (SC) is one of the largest organs of the body, protecting us against external environmental stresses to regulating water and heat and also serving as an immunological barrier While there is a host of…