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Urinary retention


Retention of urine may be acute, chronic or acute-on-chronic. Patients with acute retention present as surgical emergencies. Acute retention is the sudden inability to pass urine, with the presence of painful bladder. Chronic retention is the presence of an enlarged, painless bladder with or without difficulty in micturition, which may be accompanied by overflow.

Causes

Local

Urethral lumen or bladder neck

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    Stones

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    Blood clot

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    Tumours

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    Urethral valves

Urethral or bladder wall

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    Urethral trauma

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    Urethral stricture

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    Urethral tumour

Outside the wall

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    Prostatic enlargement ( Fig. 59 )

    Figure 59, MRI (sagittal section) of a patient who presented with acute urinary retention .

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    Faecal impaction

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    Pregnant uterus

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    Pelvic tumour

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