Lymphedema Milestons and Globalization Lymphedema Milestones in Diagnosis and Treatment The surgical and microsurgical treatment of lymphedema is rapidly evolving with new techniques, improved outcome reporting, and descriptions of more effective treatment strategies. Moving forward within the specialty, a thorough…
Key Points Surgical success can be defined as the downgrading of the patient’s lymphedema grades with improved symptoms, at least a 10% decrease in circumferential difference, a decrease in episodes of cellulitis, and improved quality of life. Surgical cure can…
Key Points The upper margin of the flap is designed at the lower border of the mandible to result in an inconspicuous scar. Preoperative Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are helpful for evaluating the number of sizable lymph nodes…
Key Points Lymphoscintigraphy is an objective and reliable imaging modality for diagnosing lymphedema, categorizing its severity, and guiding appropriate treatment. The diagnostic utility of lymphoscintigraphy depends upon meticulous technical performance and correct image interpretation. The main drawback of lymphoscintigraphy is…
Key Points Primary extremity lymphedema is a debilitating disease with a reported incidence of 1–3 in every 10,000 births, and it may present with concomitant vascular lesions or retroperitoneal lymphangiomatosis with chylous ascites. The diagnosis of primary extremity lymphedema includes…
Key Points Lymphangiogenesis occurs in four distinct regular phases: lymphatic competence, lymphatic commitment, lymphatic speciation, and lymphatic maturation. Vascular endothelial growth factor C and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 signaling are essential for lymphangiogenesis. Animal models of secondary lymphedema have…
“Declare the past, diagnose the present, foretell the future.” –Hippocrates. Overview The surgical treatment of lymphedema has evolved tremendously since the early 21st century. With the advances in microsurgical techniques, new options are available for patients suffering from the physical…
Synopsis ■ In head and neck reconstruction, a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s disease status, defects of the oral cavity, tongue, and mandible are critical to achieving optimal functional results with minimal complications. ■ Thorough evaluation of the defect includes…