Pelvic Fractures Howard J. O’Rourke Georges Y. El-Khoury Osseous Emergencies Mechanisms and Patterns of Fractures of the Pelvis The pelvis is a complex series of articulations supported by a strong ligamentous network. The posterior ligaments are the strongest ( Fig. 16-1 ).…
Hip/Proximal Femur Alan Rogers Joseph S. Yu The hip is a common site of trauma and when injured can have a significant impact on the patient’s well-being. Worldwide the total number of hip fractures is expected to exceed 6 million by the…
Shoulder Hamid Torshizy Tudor H. Hughes Christine B. Chung The shoulder girdle is a general term describing a complex network of soft tissue and osseous structures, demarcated by numerous joints, which serve to both suspend and connect the upper extremity to the torso.…
Gastric and Duodenal Emergencies Vincent M. Mellnick Christine Menias The upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, is a common but potentially overlooked site of disease that may prompt presentation to the emergency department (ED), including inflammation and infection,…
Computed Tomography Protocols and Scan Optimization Thorsten R. Fleiter Krystal Archer-Arroyo Trauma is one of the leading causes of mortality in the United States, responsible for approximately 100,000 deaths per year. The majority of the trauma cases are due to blunt force,…
Cervical Spine Emergencies Mark Bernstein Alexander B. Baxter F.A. Mann Each year in North America approximately 3 million patients are evaluated for spinal injury. Although the incidence of vertebral fracture and spinal cord injuries is low, the consequences of a missed injury or…
Midfacial Trauma Ken F. Linnau Indications and Rationale for Repair The overt physical manifestation of facial trauma often causes acute psychologic distress and long-term psychologic sequelae in addition to the loss of facial organ function. The use of modern surgical repair…
Intracranial Hemorrhage Arash Meshksar Wayne S. Kubal Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage Initial Diagnosis Although many cases of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), including intra-axial and extra-axial hemorrhage, are due to trauma, this discussion will be limited to atraumatic intracranial hemorrhage. Abrupt onset of neurologic symptoms…
Traumatic Brain Injury Monique Anne Meyer Wayne S. Kubal Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when an external mechanical force results in tissue and cellular damage within the brain that may lead to permanent or temporary impairment of cognitive, physical, or psychosocial functions…