1 What are key history and physical examination findings that may raise suspicion of the possibility of nonaccidental trauma (NAT)? Red flags from the history that should lead the clinician and radiologist to consider child abuse include injuries that are…
1 How does growing bone respond to trauma, and how is this different from mature bone? The cartilaginous physis separates the epiphysis from the metaphysis. Pediatric ligaments and tendons are relatively stronger than growing bone (in contrast to adults). Given…
1 How does myelinated brain differ from nonmyelinated brain on an infant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination? Where does one expect to see myelinization occur first? Myelinated brain white matter, as in adults, appears hyperintense relative to gray matter on…
1 What are some of the most common types of congenital heart disease (CHD) in order of frequency (most common to least common)? Bicuspid aortic valve, ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), tetralogy of…
1 What is the embryologic relationship between the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract? The lung bud is an outpouching of the primitive foregut, appearing during the fourth week of development. 2 Describe the histologic stages of lung development. The lung…