Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe different renal replacement strategies and their clinical effects on critically ill patients. 2. Review the benefits and side effects of continuous renal replacement therapies. 3. Compare the clinical effects of continuous therapies with those…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Assess the safety, feasibility, and technical considerations with use of pulse high-volume hemofiltration as an adjuvant therapy for critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock. 2. Review the rationale for the use of pulse…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Help the reader understand the concept of clearance and the manner in which it is applied to estimate dose of renal replacement therapy. 2. Describe the differences in the use of urea kinetic modeling (UKM)…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Review the principles of continuous renal replacement therapy. 2. Discuss the practical application of continuous renal replacement therapy and the consequences of such application. 3. Examine the consequences of technical modifications to continuous renal replacement…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the basic mechanisms of fluid transport and solute removal (ultrafiltration, diffusion, convection, and adsorption) and the factors influencing these processes in continuous renal replacement therapy. 2. Describe the manner in which the basic principles…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the main electrolyte components of modern dialysate. 2. Characterize clinical effects of changes in concentration of major dialysate constituents. 3. Outline the requirements for purity of dialysis water. In a general sense, hemodialysis fluid…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the main dimensions of renal replacement therapy (RRT) dose: efficiency, intensity, and clinical efficacy. 2. Describe the most important studies addressing the impact of RRT dose on the survival of critically ill patients. 3.…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Provide a brief history of the development and evolution of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) systems. 2. Describe the basic features of CRRT machines, including the user interface, pumps, pressure monitoring, safety features, and anticoagulation…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the main components of filter and membranes for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). 2. Characterize the performance parameters of filters and membranes. 3. Describe the fundamentals of solute and fluid transport in CRRT. Renal…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Present a brief overview of the main components of the extracorporeal circulation for renal replacement therapies. 2. Explain the safety features involved in the delivery of these therapies. 3. Describe the implications of the principal…