Background 1. What does cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) mean? The term CRS has been used to define different clinical conditions in which heart and kidney dysfunction overlap. A consensus classification of CRS is outlined in Table 9.1 . Table 9.1. Classification…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Identify the mechanisms of renal damage induced by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and coxibs. 2. Describe the incidence and epidemiology of NSAID-induced acute kidney injury. 3. Describe the risk factors for NSAID-induced acute vasomotor renal…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the development of acute-on-chronic (AoC) kidney dysfunction and its role in the progression toward end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). 2. Identify the most common clinical presentations of critical illness among chronic…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the current modalities currently available for pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy, giving context to the differences and indications for peritoneal dialysis and extracorporeal dialysis. 2. Present some general rules to follow to rationally prescribe…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the possibility of combining convection, diffusion, and adsorption to improve the efficiency of extracorporeal depurative techniques. 2. Discuss the role of plasma as a substrate and a medium of blood purification. 3. Describe the…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the role of endotoxin in sepsis. 2. Discuss diagnostic approaches to endotoxin measurement. 3. Describe the history of endotoxin-targeted therapy in sepsis, from drugs to medical devices. 4. Discuss the characteristics of the Toraymyxin…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the nature, the structure, and the composition of sorbent materials. 2. Characterize the mechanisms of the adsorption process. 3. Describe the potential application of sorbents in extracorporeal blood purification techniques. 4. Summarize some of…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the anatomic characteristics of the peritoneal dialysis system. 2. Discuss peritoneal microcirculation. 3. Explain the mesothelial membrane. 4. Discuss the dialysate compartment and the influence of different dialysate flow/dwell times on efficacy of treatment.…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. List the nomenclature related to extracorporeal renal replacement therapies. 2. Provide a detailed description of the main components and procedures of a treatment. 3. Define and characterize main extracorporeal therapies and techniques. This chapter reports…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. List the nomenclature related to extracorporeal renal replacement therapies. 2. Provide a detailed description of the performance characteristics of membranes and filters. 3. Define and characterize transmembrane transport of solutes and fluid. 4. Name methods…