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Introduction Reproducible patterns of cerebrovascular injury result from two basic pathologic processes that are occasionally encountered in surgical practice: (1) cerebral infarct resulting from blockage or stenosis of vessels that deprives the brain of oxygen and nutrients and (2) hemorrhage…
The nervous system is affected in many familial tumor or “cancer predisposition” syndromes. The genetic and clinicopathologic features are summarized in Table 22.1 . Autosomal dominant inheritance is most common, and the majority of these disorders result from inactivation of…
Introduction Although pathologists typically focus their attention nearly exclusively on the neuropathologic changes of natural disease, therapy-associated neuropathology is increasingly playing a role, particularly now that post-therapy biopsies have become common. To avoid misdiagnosing a host of primary pathologic changes,…
Definitions and Synonyms Melanocytic neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) arise from the population of leptomeningeal melanocytes that are scattered throughout the arachnoid membranes. Lesions can manifest as diffuse disseminations within the subarachnoid space or as solid masses, and…
Definition and Synonyms Primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) and histiocytic tumors are neoplasms that correspond histologically to their nodal or systemic counterparts, but lack an apparent systemic manifestation at the time of initial presentation. The most common types (hereafter…
Introduction Epithelial structures are scarce in the normal central nervous system (CNS). Only the choroid plexus ( Fig. 16.1A ) and the pituitary gland's anterior and intermediate lobes contain true epithelial cells. The latter are derived from Rathke pouch epithelium…
Introduction Peripheral nerves consist of nerve sheaths and their invested axons lying both within and outside the craniospinal dura. The axons arise from centrally or peripherally situated neurons ( Fig. 15.1 ). Of all nerve sheath cells, Schwann cells are…
Introduction and Proposed Etiologies Meningiomas are among the most common of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms and are by far the most common of the extra-axial tumors. Our understanding of meningioma classification, grading, and molecular genetics has evolved greatly over…
Definition and Synonyms Embryonal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) manifest as highly cellular, poorly differentiated, and mitotically active neoplasms that are reminiscent of the developing embryonic nervous system. Such tumors constitute the most common group of malignant pediatric…
Brief Historical Overview The neuronal and mixed glioneuronal category of central nervous system (CNS) tumors has been expanding over the past 60 years. In the first edition of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) fascicle (1952) and the first…