KEY FACTS Terminology Ectopic endometrial tissue within myometrium with adjacent smooth muscle hyperplasia You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Imaging Soft tissue mass in cervix: Hypoechoic or isoechoic ± necrosis Hydro- or hematometra from cervical obstruction Mass extending into upper vagina MR is best modality for local staging and planning of radiation therapy Tumor: Intermediate- to high-signal mass replacing dark cervical stroma on T2-weighted sequences Accuracy superior to FIGO staging for size, parametrial extension, lymph nodes Parametrial invasion: Accuracy: 88-97%, specificity: 93%, negative…
KEY FACTS Terminology Mucus-filled cystic dilatation of endocervical gland Tunnel cluster: Type of nabothian cyst characterized by complex multicystic dilatation of endocervical glands You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
GROSS ANATOMY Overview Ovaries located in true pelvis, although exact position variable Only pelvic organ entirely inside peritoneal sac Laxity in ligaments allows some mobility Location affected by parity, bladder filling, ovarian size, and uterine size/position Located within ovarian fossa in nulliparous women – Lateral pelvic sidewall below bifurcation of common iliac vessels – Anterior to ureter – Posterior to broad ligament Position more variable in…
TERMINOLOGY Abbreviations Vaginal artery (VA), uterine artery (UA) GROSS ANATOMY Overview Muscular tube formed by smooth muscle and elastic connective fibers Serves as excretory duct for uterus, female organ for copulation, and part of birth canal Extends up and back from vestibule of external genitalia to surround cervix of uterus Has anterior and posterior walls, normally in apposition, with longer posterior wall Superiorly, cervix projects downward…
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GROSS ANATOMY Overview Body (corpus) : Upper 2/3 of uterus Fundus: Superior to ostia of fallopian tubes Cervix : Lower 1/3 of uterus Isthmus: Junction of body and cervix Parametrium : Tissue immediately surrounding uterus Myometrium : Smooth muscle forming bulk of uterus Endometrium : Composed of 2 layers Stratum basalis attached to myometrium, does not change Stratum functionalis: Thicker, varies with cycle Uterus is extraperitoneal…
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KEY FACTS Terminology Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Term reserved for histopathologic pattern of smooth muscle and epithelial cell proliferation Hyperplasia correct term since BPH is characterized by increased number of epithelial stromal cells in periurethral area of prostate (not hypertrophy, which means increase in size) You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are…
KEY FACTS Terminology Dilatation of pampiniform plexus > 2-3 mm due to congestion and retrograde flow in internal spermatic vein You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Benign, solid paratesticular tumor of mesenchymal origin You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Spermatocele: Retention cyst of rete testis or epididymis containing nonviable spermatozoa Epididymal head cyst: Collection of simple fluid You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Congenital or acquired serous fluid contained within layers of scrotal tunica vaginalis You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
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KEY FACTS Terminology Inflammation of epididymis &/or testis You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Cryptorchidism, cryptorchism Definition: Incomplete descent of testis into base of scrotum You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Spontaneous or traumatic twisting of testis & spermatic cord within scrotum, resulting in vascular occlusion/infarction You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Testicular microlithiasis (TML): Presence of 5 or more microliths or microcalcifications in whole testis or 5 or more microliths per field of view Limited TML: Presence of < 5 microcalcifications per field of view Microcalcifications composed of hydroxyapatite, located within spermatic tubules You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are…
KEY FACTS Terminology Dilated rete testis Cystic transformation of rete testis You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
KEY FACTS Terminology Rare, benign, keratin-containing lesion of controversial origin You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here