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Vertebral Arteries

IMAGING ANATOMY Overview Vertebral artery (VA): 4 segments V1 segment (extraosseous segment) – Arises from 1st part of subclavian artery – Courses posterosuperiorly to enter C6 transverse foramen – Branches: Segmental cervical muscular, spinal branches V2 segment (foraminal segment) – Ascends through C6-C3 transverse foramina – Turns superolaterally through inverted L-shaped transverse foramen of axis (C2) – Courses short distance superiorly through C1 transverse foramen –…

Carotid Arteries

TERMINOLOGY Abbreviations Common (CCA), internal (ICA), and external (ECA) carotid arteries; vertebral artery (VA) GROSS ANATOMY You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Graves Disease

KEY FACTS Terminology Autoimmune disorder with long-acting, thyroid-stimulating antibodies producing hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Colloid Cyst of Thyroid

KEY FACTS Imaging Typically, unilocular, thin-walled cyst Anechoic content with posterior acoustic enhancement Echogenic foci with comet-tail artifacts are characteristic Represent suspended colloid aggregates Hemorrhage into cyst results in thick wall with debris, septa, or fluid level Colloid cyst can arise in hyperplastic nodule Background solid, isoechoic nodule with colloid aggregates in cystic spaces of variable sizes; no punctate calcification Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is not necessary…

Cervical Lymph Nodes

TERMINOLOGY Synonyms Internal jugular chain (IJC): Deep cervical chain Spinal accessory chain (SAC): Posterior triangle chain Transverse cervical chain: Supraclavicular chain Anterior cervical chain: Prelaryngeal, pretracheal, paratracheal nodes Paratracheal node: Recurrent laryngeal node Definitions Jugulodigastric node: "Sentinel" (highest) node, found at apex of IJC at angle of mandible Virchow node: "Signal" node, lowest node of deep cervical chain Troisier node: Most medial node of transverse cervical…

Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor

KEY FACTS Terminology Group of ovarian tumors arising from either embryonic sex cords or mesenchyme Fibroma, thecoma, fibrothecoma Granulosa cell tumor Sertoli-Leydig tumor (androblastoma) Sclerosing stromal tumor, steroid cell tumors, gynandroblastoma, and sex cord tumor with annular tubules You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Gartner Duct Cyst

KEY FACTS Terminology Gartner duct cyst: Embryonic remnant of wolffian (mesonephric) duct, lined with nonmucinous columnar cells Associated with renal/ureteral/müllerian anomalies You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here