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Iliac Arteries and Veins

GROSS ANATOMY Arteries Abdominal aorta Testicular and ovarian arteries originate below renal arteries Median (middle) sacral artery is small, unpaired branch from posterior aspect of distal aorta Divides into common iliac arteries at L4-5 Common iliac arteries Run anterior to iliac veins and inferior vena cava Usually no major branches – Rarely, gives off aberrant iliolumbar or accessory renal arteries ~ 4 cm long External iliac…

Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava

TERMINOLOGY Abbreviations Inferior vena cava (IVC) Definitions "Proximal" and "distal" in arterial and venous systems apply to position of arterial and venous segment in relation to heart (rather than direction of flow) Aneurysm: Focal increase in caliber of artery with diameter of dilated segment measuring at least 1.5x > adjacent unaffected segments You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy…

Neck Veins

TERMINOLOGY Abbreviations Internal jugular vein (IJV) External jugular vein (EJV) Retromandibular vein (RMV) GROSS ANATOMY You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Vertebral Arteries

IMAGING ANATOMY Overview Vertebral artery (VA): 4 segments V1 segment (extraosseous segment) – Arises from 1st part of subclavian artery – Courses posterosuperiorly to enter C6 transverse foramen – Branches: Segmental cervical muscular, spinal branches V2 segment (foraminal segment) – Ascends through C6-C3 transverse foramina – Turns superolaterally through inverted L-shaped transverse foramen of axis (C2) – Courses short distance superiorly through C1 transverse foramen –…

Carotid Arteries

TERMINOLOGY Abbreviations Common (CCA), internal (ICA), and external (ECA) carotid arteries; vertebral artery (VA) GROSS ANATOMY You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Graves Disease

KEY FACTS Terminology Autoimmune disorder with long-acting, thyroid-stimulating antibodies producing hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Colloid Cyst of Thyroid

KEY FACTS Imaging Typically, unilocular, thin-walled cyst Anechoic content with posterior acoustic enhancement Echogenic foci with comet-tail artifacts are characteristic Represent suspended colloid aggregates Hemorrhage into cyst results in thick wall with debris, septa, or fluid level Colloid cyst can arise in hyperplastic nodule Background solid, isoechoic nodule with colloid aggregates in cystic spaces of variable sizes; no punctate calcification Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is not necessary…