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Cystic Hygroma

KEY FACTS Terminology Cystic lymphatic disorder involving back and side of neck causing multiseptated fluid-filled mass You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Face and Neck

EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY Overview For patient, her family, and her support system, imaging of fetal face is one of most anticipated parts of ultrasound exam Studies have shown that seeing fetal face improves bonding experiences 3D ultrasound is additive to show both normal and abnormal anatomy With single 3D view, like photograph, everyone can immediately recognize face Much of face and neck anatomy routinely seen in…

Dandy-Walker Malformation

KEY FACTS Terminology Classic Dandy-Walker malformation Cerebellar vermis is completely or partially absent Cystic dilatation of 4th ventricle (4V) Enlarged posterior fossa with elevated tentorium – Tentorium is roof of posterior fossa and separates cerebellum from occipital lobe You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Chiari 2 Malformation

KEY FACTS Terminology Hindbrain compression with cerebellar herniation through foramen magnum Open spina bifida present in almost every case You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Aqueductal Stenosis

KEY FACTS Terminology Narrowing/occlusion at aqueduct of Sylvius (between 3rd and 4th ventricles), causing obstructive hydrocephalus You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Choroid Plexus Cyst

KEY FACTS Terminology Choroid plexus cysts (CPC) are unilocular cysts usually located in the posterior thick portion of choroid plexus You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Holoprosencephaly

KEY FACTS Terminology Alobar holoprosencephaly (HPE) implies complete or nearly complete lack of cerebral hemisphere separation You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Cephalocele

KEY FACTS Terminology Defect in skull with protrusion of intracranial structures Encephalocele: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain tissue, and meninges Meningocele: Meninges and CSF You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Brain and Spine

EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY Key Embryological Concepts Multiple processes occur during embryological development of brain and spine Neurulation : Ectodermal cells form midline neural plate in which folds develop then fuse to create a tube with openings at either end Neurulation → neural tube + neural crest – Neural tube → brain, spinal cord – Neural crest → peripheral nerves, autonomic nervous system Neuronal proliferation : Neurons…