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Bochdalek Hernia

KEY FACTS Terminology Type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia resulting in protrusion of abdominal contents through defect in posterolateral portion of diaphragm You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Lumbar Hernia

KEY FACTS Terminology Lumbar hernia: Protrusion of abdominal contents through defect in lumbar region Can occur in either superior lumbar triangle of Grynfeltt-Lesshaft or inferior lumbar triangle of Petit – Superior lumbar triangle of Grynfeltt-Lesshaft defined by 12th rib superiorly, superior border of internal oblique inferiorly, and erector spinae medially – Inferior lumbar triangle of Petit defined by latissimus dorsi muscle medially, iliac crest inferiorly, and free…

Spigelian Hernia

KEY FACTS Terminology Hernia through defect in aponeurosis of internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Umbilical Hernia

KEY FACTS Terminology Protrusion of abdominal contents (omental fat ± bowel) into or through anterior abdominal wall via umbilical ring You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here

Abdominal Wall, Mesentery, and Peritoneal Cavity: Imaging Approach and Differential Diagnosis

Embryology and Relevant Anatomy The fetal gut is suspended between the anterior and posterior abdominal walls by the ventral and dorsal mesenteries, which separate to enclose the developing alimentary tube. Important viscera develop within the mesentery of the caudal part of the foregut, such as the liver, pancreas, spleen, and biliary tree. The various mesenteries either regress or elongate. The dorsal mesentery lengthens with the progressive elongation…

Neuroendocrine Tumors

KEY FACTS Terminology Terms such as carcinoid and islet cell tumor are decreasing in use, in favor of well-differentiated (low-grade) or poorly differentiated (high-grade) NETs GI tract: Most common primary site (74%), followed by bronchopulmonary (24%) Small bowel most common (~ 60%); ileum in majority Pancreas: < 1% of all NETs Imaging Patients with known or suspected NET require multimodality imaging approach, combining anatomic (morphologic) and…

Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst

KEY FACTS Terminology Loculated fluid trapped within peritoneal adhesions, typically surrounding ovary Imaging Most often in pelvis (can rarely occur elsewhere) Ultrasound Loculated cystic mass with "spiderweb" pattern due to peritoneal adhesions reflecting from ovary Fine septations throughout collection Normal ovary at center or lateral margin of cyst No solid mural or septal nodule to suggest malignancy Usually anechoic fluid, but can have internal echoes due…