Definition An acquired cystic lesion with fluid collection in the kidney; may originate from diverticula of the distal renal tubules or collecting ducts. Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Development of bilateral and multiple renal cysts in patients whose chronic renal failure cannot be attributed to a hereditary etiology Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Cystic dilatation of papillary collecting ducts of one or more renal pyramids Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition A late-onset, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the progressive development of innumerable cysts in the kidney, leading to renal insufficiency. Associated with mutations in the PKD1 gene on chromosome 16 (16q13.3) in 85% of patients, or the PKD2 gene on chromosome 4 (4q21–23) in approximately 15% of cases PKD1 encodes the protein polycystin 1. PKD2 encodes the protein polycystin 2. Clinical features You’re Reading a…
Definition Rare, early onset, autosomal recessive inherited polycystic kidney disease Associated with single gene ( PKHD1 ) mutation on chromosome 6p21–23 PKHD1 gene encodes polyductin/fibrocystin Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Localized cystic disease (LCD) involves part of a, or rarely entire, kidney with multiple cysts surrounded by normal renal parenchyma. Also known as unilateral cystic disease or segmental cystic disease. Clinical features Epidemiology Rare Median age 33.3 (range 18–56) years You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in…
Definition A congenital developmental renal malformation resulting from abnormal nephrogenesis related to the inability of the ureteric bud to communicate with the metanephric blastema Clinical features Epidemiology Relatively common, affecting 1 in 1000 of the general population. About 10% of cases have a family history of renal and urinary tract malformations. Two phenotypes are described with urinary tract abnormality; multicystic dysplasia and obstructive dysplasia. You’re Reading…
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Definition Adenocarcinoma originating in other organs with secondary involvement of the bladder through direct extension or via lymphatic or vascular spread Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Secondary involvement of the urinary bladder by prostatic carcinoma, most often by direct extension Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Overview Bladder cancers are heterogeneous at the molecular level with two distinct oncogenic pathways. Recent genomic and molecular studies have been focused on muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Molecular classification based on genetic and molecular alterations characterized by multiple platforms has been proposed for MIBC. Molecular classification is useful for prognostication and therapy response prediction. Dual-track pathway in bladder carcinogenesis Urothelial cancer (UC) develops via two…
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Definition Neoplasm derived from the paraganglial cells in the bladder wall Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Malignant epithelial neoplasm composed entirely of tumor cells with squamous differentiation Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Primary adenocarcinoma that arises from urachal remnants Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Distinct variant of bladder adenocarcinoma characterized by neoplastic cells with clear, eosinophilic cytoplasm Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Malignant neoplasm showing pure glandular phenotype Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Benign glandular neoplasm of the bladder, typically with a papillary–villiform growth pattern, that is histologically indistinguishable from similar neoplasms of the colorectum Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Biphasic malignant neoplasms with morphologic or immunohistochemical evidence of epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation; a common clonal origin for the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components is presumed. Clinical features You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become membership If you are a member. Log in here
Definition Four types. In the primary or metastatic sites, urothelial carcinoma with stroma that: Has pseudosarcomatous response; Shows osseous or cartilaginous metaplasia; Contains osteoclast-type giant cells; or Has prominent lymphoid infiltrate Clinical features Epidemiology Rare urothelial carcinoma variant Presentation Hematuria Prognosis and treatment No influence on prognosis or treatment You’re Reading a Preview Become a Clinical Tree membership for Full access and enjoy Unlimited articles Become…