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N

Nabumetone — (Nabuco; Relafen) International Brand Names Aflex (Thailand); Anfer (Thailand); Arthaxan (Germany); Bumetone (Korea, Thailand); Consolan (Denmark); Deku (Taiwan); Goflex (Indonesia); Labuton (Taiwan); Mebutan (Netherlands); Nabentac (Korea); Nabone (Thailand); Nabonet (Thailand); Nabuco (Israel); Nabuflam (India); Naburen (Colombia); Nabuser (Italy); Nacton (Korea); Nadorex (Colombia); Naflex (Thailand); Nametone (Thailand); Noac (Uruguay); No-Ton (Taiwan); Prodac (Korea); Relafen (Canada, Korea); Relif (Spain); Relifen (Japan, South Africa); Relifex (Brazil, Bulgaria,…

M

Magnesium chloride — (Chlor-3) International Brand Names None identified. Drug Class Electrolyte replacements; Vitamins/minerals Indications Hypomagnesemia Mechanism Replacement Dosage With Qualifiers Hypomagnesemia—4 g mixed in 250 mL of 5% dextrose IV no faster than 3 mL/min, dose range 1–40 g qd NOTE: Serum magnesium measurements should guide replacement; keep calcium gluconate readily available to counteract potentially serious signs of magnesium intoxication. Contraindications —hypersensitivity to drug or…

L

Labetalol — (Coreton; Normadate; Normodyne; Trandate) International Brand Names Abetol (Italy); Albetol (Finland); Amipress (Italy); Biascor (Argentina); Hybloc (New Zealand); Ipolab (Italy); Labelol (Argentina); Labesine (Korea); Lamitol (Slovenia); Liondox (Argentina); Presolol (Australia, Taiwan); Pressalolo (Italy); Salmagne (Greece); Trandate (Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, France, Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, Venezuela) Drug Class Adrenergic…

K

Kanamycin — (Kantrex; Klebcil) International Brand Names Kamycine (France); Kanacin (Korea); Kanamed (Thailand); Kanamicina Gen-Far (Peru); Kanamycin Capsules Meiji (Thailand); Kanamycin Meiji (Hong Kong, Philippines); Kanamycin Novo (South Africa); Kanamycin Sanbe (Indonesia); Kancin (India, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand); Kanoxin (Indonesia, Thailand); Randikan (Mexico) Drug Class Aminoglycosides; Antibiotics Indications Bacterial infection Mechanism Inhibits protein synthesis by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, leading to cell destruction Dosage With…

I

Ibuprofen — (Advil; Alaxan; Artril; Bloom; Brofen; Dolofen; Emflam; Fenspan; Ibren; Ibugen; Ibuprohm; Ibu-Tab; Ifen; Motrin; Nobafon; Paduden; Paxofen; Profen; Prontalgin; Tarein) International Brand Names Actron (Paraguay, Uruguay); Adex 200 (Israel); Adex Liqui-Gels (Israel); Advil (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, France, Hong Kong, Mexico, Poland, Venezuela); Advil Infantil (Mexico); Advil Liqui-Gels (Israel); Afebril (Peru); Algofen (Italy); Allipen (Korea); Am-Fam 400 (India); Ampifen (Singapore); Anadvil (France); Anbifen (Thailand); Anco…

H

Haemophilus influenzae vaccine — (ActHIB; HibTITER; OmniHIB; PedvaxHIB; ProHIBIT) International Brand Names Act-HIB (Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Korea, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay); HIBest (France, India); HibTITER (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, England, Germany, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, South Africa, Switzerland); Pedvax HIB (Brazil, Canada) Drug Class Vaccines Indications Maternal susceptibility Mechanism Immunization to capsular polysaccharides Dosage With Qualifiers Haemophilus influenzae B susceptibility—0.5 mg IM × 1 Contraindications —hypersensitivity to…

G

Gabapentin — (Neurontin) International Brand Names Dineurin (Chile); Gabatin (Korea); Gantin (Australia); Kaptin (Colombia); Neurontin (Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Korea, Malaysia, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Uruguay, Venezuela); Nupentin (Australia); Pendine (Australia) Drug Class Anticonvulsants Indications Seizures (partial), postherpetic neuralgia, neuropathic pain Mechanism Unknown Dosage With…

F

Factor IX — (Alphanine; Bebulin VH; Immuno; Konyne 80; Mononine; Profilnine SD; Proplex T) International Brand Names Bebulin (Denmark, Spain); Bebulin S-Tim 4 (Austria); Bebulin Team 4 (Russia); Bebulin TIM 4 (Bulgaria, Hungary); Benefix (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico); Berinin P (Mexico); Betafact (Israel); Facnyne (Korea); Factor IX S-TIM (Germany); Immunine (Germany, Sweden); Immunine VH (Canada); Inmunine (Venezuela); Konyne 80 (Mexico); Mononine (Belgium, Denmark, England, France, Germany,…

E

Econazole nitrate — (Spectazole) International Brand Names Amicel (Italy); Bismultin (Greece); Derma-Coryl (Israel); Dermazole (Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore); Ecanol (India); Econ (Thailand); Econite (Hong Kong); Ecosone (Hong Kong); Ecostatin (Canada, England, Ireland, New Zealand); Ecotam (Spain); Ecreme (New Zealand); Epi-Pevaryl (Germany); Fongeryl (France); Fungazol (Korea); Gyno-Coryl (Israel); Micolak (Mexico); Micolis (Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay); Micos (Italy); Micostyl (Brazil, Mexico); Palavale (Japan); Penicomb (Greece); Pevaryl…

D

Dacarbazine — (DTIC-Dome) International Brand Names Dacarbazin (Czech Republic); Dacarbazine DBL (Malaysia); Dacarbazine Dome (Denmark); Dacarbazine for Injection (Australia); Dacatic (Finland); Deticene (Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hong Kong, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, Switzerland, Turkey); Detimedac (Germany); DTI (Korea); DTIC (Austria, Canada, Germany, Japan, Sweden); D.T.I.C. (Australia); DTIC Dome (Ireland); DTIC-Dome (Belgium, England, Korea, New Zealand, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan); D.T.I.C.-Dome (South Africa); DTIC-VHB (India)…

C

Cabergoline — (Dostinex) International Brand Names Cabaser (Australia, Israel) Drug Class Antiparkinson agents; Dopaminergics; Ergot alkaloids and derivatives; Hormones/hormone modifiers Indications Hyperprolactinemia, lactation suppression Mechanism Stimulates D 2 dopamine receptors Dosage With Qualifiers Hyperprolactinemia—begin 0.25 mg 2 ×/w, then increase 0.25 mg/w qmo; max 1 mg 2 ×/w; monitor prolactin level Contraindications —hypersensitivity to drug or class, uncontrolled hypertension Caution —hepatic dysfunction Maternal Considerations There are…

B

Bacitracin — (Ak-Tracin; Baci-IM; Baci-Rx; Bacticin; Ocutricin; Spectro-Bacitracin) International Brand Names Bacitracine Martinet (France) Drug Class Antibiotics, miscellaneous; Antiinfectives, ophthalmic; Antiinfectives, topical; Dermatologics; Ophthalmics Indications Gram-positive and -negative bacterial infection Mechanism Bactericidal, cyclic polypeptide that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis Dosage With Qualifiers Skin or wound infection—apply cream topically qd to tid NOTE: Use no longer than 1 w; often combined with Neosporin and polymixin B.…

A

Acarbose — (Precose) International Brand Names Glibose (Taiwan); Glicobase (Italy); Glucobay (Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, England, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland); Gluconase (Philippines); Glumida (Spain); Prandase (Canada, Israel); Rebose (India) Drug Class α-Glucosidase inhibitor;…

Industrial chemicals and environmental contaminants

4.18.1 Persistent organochlorine compounds (pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins) Experience Within this group are the classic pesticides dichlordiphenyltrichlorethan (DDT), hexachlorbenzene (HCB), dieldrin , hexachlorcyclohexan (HCH), and “synthetic oils” made from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as the polychlorinated dioxins and furans . Dioxins are considered a group of toxic chemicals with similar chemical structures and biologic characteristics. Exposure comes from environmental contamination from forest fires, backyard…

Recreational drugs

Breastfeeding mothers should avoid recreational drug use wherever possible. However, the value of breastfeeding to both mother and infant is such that it likely outweighs the risks associated with most maternal recreational drug use. The risks should be discussed on a case-by-case basis with the mother, with pragmatic advice given specific to her personal situation. Although there is evidence of deleterious short-term effects on the breastfed…

Infections during breastfeeding

Even when the general condition of the mother with an infection would permit breastfeeding, various aspects must be considered, i.e. whether symptoms in the infant would be expected from the medication prescribed and whether transmission of the illness through the mother’s milk is possible. In the final analysis, only very few infectious illnesses are transmitted through the milk. Infection after birth occurs mostly through the close…

Contrast media, radionuclides and diagnostics

X-ray studies, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) do not require an interruption of breastfeeding. This also applies to mammography and computer tomography without contrast media. Limitations apply for iodine- and gadolinium-containing contrast media and radioisotopes. Before applying contrast media or radioisotopes all possible alternatives should be considered. For iodine containing contrast media, breastfeeding should be interrupted for 24–48 hours if possible. For gadolinium-containing contrast media,…

Alternative remedies, vitamins, and minerals

4.13.1 Alternative remedies and phytotherapeutics Experience Numerous surveys in the literature report widespread use of alternative remedies with no knowledge of the risks. The interest in, and experimentation with, alternative remedies has increased in the last decades. Just as in pregnancy, there are minimal evidenced-based safety data for the use of alternative remedies and herbs in lactation; however, also as in pregnancy, history and traditional data…

Dermatological medication and local therapeutics

Some of the most commonly used medications for the treatment of dermatological diseases can be safely used during lactation. However, Vitamin A derivatives/retinoids such as isotretinoin used in acne, or acitretin used in psoriasis, as well as tar preparations, should be avoided because of their toxic potential. Any topical preparation applied to the skin of the breast should be removed before breastfeeding. 4.12.1 Topical applications and…