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Conception and implantation

Learning Outcomes After studying this chapter you should be able to: Knowledge criteria Describe the basic principles of the formation of the gametes Describe the physiology of the normal menstrual cycle Describe the physiology of coitus, fertilization and implantation Clinical competency Counsel a couple about the fertile period Oogenesis Primordial germ cells originally appear in the yolk sac and can be identified by the fourth week…

Anatomy of the female pelvis

Learning Outcomes After studying this chapter you should be able to: Knowledge criteria Describe the anatomy of the bony pelvis, external genitalia and internal genital organs Describe the blood, lymphatic and nerve supply to the external and internal genital organs Describe the pelvic floor and the perineum Knowledge of the major features of the female pelvis is essential to the understanding of the processes of reproduction…

Z

Zafirlukast — (Accolate) International Brand Names Zuvair (India) Drug Class Antiasthmatics; Leukotriene antagonists Indications Asthma prophylaxis Mechanism Leukotriene D4 and E4 receptor antagonist (LTRA) Dosage With Qualifiers Asthma prophylaxis—20 mg PO 1 h ac or 2 h pc bid NOTE: Hepatic dosing. Contraindications —hypersensitivity to drug or class, acute asthma Caution —hepatic dysfunction, systemic corticosteroid taper Maternal Considerations There is only limited published experience with zafirlukast…

V

Valacyclovir — (Valtrex) International Brand Names Rapivir (Mexico); Valcyclor (Colombia); Zelitrex (France, South Africa) Drug Class Antivirals Indications Genital herpes, herpes zoster Mechanism Inhibits DNA polymerase Dosage With Qualifiers Genital herpes— primary: 1000 mg PO bid × 10 d; recurrent: 500 mg PO bid × 3 d; prophylaxis: 1000 mg PO qd Herpes zoster—1000 mg PO tid × 7 d NOTE: Renal dosing. Contraindications —hypersensitivity to…

T

Tacrine — (Cognex; THA) International Brand Names Cognex (Austria, Belgium, Chile, China, France, Germany, Peru); Cognitiv (Argentina); Tacrinal (Brazil); Talem (Argentina) Drug Class Alzheimer’s disease agents; Cholinesterase inhibitors Indications Alzheimer’s dementia Mechanism Reversible cholinesterase inhibitor Dosage With Qualifiers Alzheimer’s dementia—begin 10 mg PO qid × 4 w; increase by 10 mg qid q4w based on response Contraindications —hypersensitivity to drug or class, tacrine hepatotoxicity, hepatic dysfunction,…

S

Salmeterol inhaled — (Serevent; Serevent Diskus) International Brand Names Aeromax (Germany); Salmeter (India); Seretide (Philippines); Serevent (Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand); Serevent Inhaler and Disks (Australia); Serobid (India); Zamitrel (Mexico) Drug Class Adrenergic agonists; β-Agonists; Bronchodilators Indications Asthma prophylaxis, exercise-induced asthma, COPD Mechanism Selective β 2 -adrenergic agonist Dosage With Qualifiers Asthma prophylaxis—2 puffs INH q12h Exercise-induced asthma—2 puffs INH ×…

R

Rabeprazole — (Aciphex) International Brand Names Gastrodine (Chile); Pariet (Australia, Colombia, France, Germany, Indonesia, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand); Rabec (Argentina); Rabeloc (India) Drug Class Antiulcer agents; Gastrointestinals; Proton pump inhibitors Indications GERD, esophagitis, duodenal ulcer, hypersecretory conditions, stress ulcer, ulcer prophylaxis Mechanism Hydrogen-potassium ATP-ase inhibitor Dosage With Qualifiers GERD—20 mg PO qd or bid × 4–8 w; may repeat for an additional 8…

Q

Quetiapine — (Seroquel) International Brand Names Seroquel (Ecuador, England, Hong Kong, Hungary, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Korea, Malaysia, Netherlands, Philippines, Poland, Singapore, South Africa, Taiwan, Thailand); Socalm (India) Drug Class Antipsychotics Indications Psychosis Mechanism Unknown; antagonizes multiple neurotransmitter receptors Dosage With Qualifiers Psychosis—begin 25 mg PO bid, increase by 25–50 mg/dose q1–2 d; max 800 mg/d NOTE: Hepatic dosing. Contraindications —hypersensitivity to drug or class Caution —hepatic…

P

Paclitaxel — (Onxol; Taxol) International Brand Names Anzatax (Australia, Brazil, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand); Asotax (Argentina, Mexico); Biotax (Israel); Bristaxol (Mexico); Britaxol (Chile); Formoxol (Malaysia); Genexol (Korea, Singapore); Ifaxol (Mexico); Intaxel (India, Thailand); Medixel (Israel); Mitotax (Malaysia); Pacxel (Korea); Padexol (Korea); Parexel (Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay); Paxus (Indonesia); Praxel (Chile, Mexico); Taxocris (Uruguay); Taxol (Argentina, Canada, China, Ecuador, Germany, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Israel,…

O

Oatmeal — (Aveeno) International Brand Names None identified. Drug Class Dermatologics Indications Contact dermatitis (e.g., poison ivy/oak) Mechanism Forms a moisturizing, colloidal suspension Dosage With Qualifiers Contact dermatitis—apply tid or qid prn; may also mix in bathwater and soak Contraindications —hypersensitivity to drug or class Caution —unknown Maternal Considerations There is no published experience with topical oatmeal during pregnancy. Side effects have not been reported. Fetal…