Gastritis

Introduction

• Description: Gastritis is an inflammatory condition that affects the stomach lining and results in acute or chronic indigestion, bloating, “gas,” and heartburn. Gastropathy (noninflammatory) is usually caused by irritants such as drugs (eg, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents), alcohol, bile, circulatory failure, or chronic congestion.

• Prevalence: Common.

• Predominant Age: Any.

• Genetics: No genetic pattern.

Etiology and Pathogenesis

• Causes: Generalized inflammation of the stomach lining, which in some cases may be infectious (Helicobacter pylori) or immune-mediated.

• Risk Factors: Cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, some medications (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]), bile reflux, radiation.

Signs and Symptoms

• Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, heartburn, and “gas” (symptoms are most common after eating large meals, consuming certain foods)

• Upper abdominal pain or tenderness

• Hiccups

Diagnostic Approach