Robotic reconstruction Bladder neck reconstruction and posterior urethroplasty have posed a major challenge in surgical reconstruction for urologic surgeons. Often, these patients present with a previous history of radiotherapy or ablative interventions for other pathologies that have resulted in obstructive…
Introduction Retroperitoneal lymph lode dissection (RPLND) forms an integral part of the multidisciplinary management of testicular cancer. , Cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens have revolutionized the treatment of testicular cancer, and consequently the role of surgery has changed. However, their combined role…
Introduction Partial cystectomy is an uncommonly performed procedure with oncologic and functional indications that determine surgical approach. Because of the risk of tumor spillage with urothelial cancers, it is rarely indicated in the management of this malignancy, but the approach…
Radical cystectomy for the treatment of muscle-invasive or high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer must include extended lymphadenectomy to improve pathological staging and surveillance. When we refer to extended lymphadenectomy, it includes internal, external, and common iliac artery stations. An anatomical understanding…
Introduction Use of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) has significantly increased over the past decade in favor of open and laparoscopic approaches. Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy Versus Open Radical Cystectomy in Patients with Bladder Cancer (RAZOR), an open-label noninferiority study, has further…
Background The treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and some high-risk superficial bladder cancers (in patients who may or may not have had intravesical immunotherapy) is radical cystectomy (RC), customarily through an open lower midline abdominal incision. This is…
Introduction Open kidney transplantation (OKT) is considered the gold standard treatment for end-stage renal disease as it is able to achieve a greater survival rate and a better quality of life in comparison to hemodialysis. The introduction of this surgical…
Introduction Prior to recent advancements in surgical technology, open adrenalectomy was the gold standard for benign and malignant adrenal diseases. With the introduction of laparoscopy, surgeons began to transition to minimally invasive surgery. When compared to open adrenalectomy, laparoscopic adrenalectomy…
Introduction Pyeloplasty offers the best long-term cure for patients with pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction. Before the advent of laparoscopic renal surgery, endopyelotomy was the most popular treatment method due to its minimally invasive nature in comparison to an open procedure.…
Introduction Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for 5% to 10% of urothelial cancer, with approximately 60% muscle invasive at the time of diagnosis. Extirpative surgery, traditionally open nephroureterectomy, was considered the gold standard curative procedure. Robotic-assisted radical nephroureterectomy (RANU)…