Introduction The original robot-assisted hysterectomy was first published in the World Journal of Surgery in 2001. Nearly 4 years later, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of the da Vinci Surgical System for gynecologic procedures in…
Introduction Cervical cancer currently is the fourth most common cancer occurring in women. Worldwide, an estimated 570,000 women were diagnosed, and 311,000 women died of the disease in the year 2018. Most (99%) cervical cancers are related to an infection…
Introduction Sacrocolpopexy is considered the gold standard surgical procedure for pelvic organ prolapse, with success rates estimated at 98.6% and mesh complications rates of 4.1%. Since the mid-2000s, robotic-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy has gained increased popularity due to the ease of…
Introduction Hysterectomy is the second most frequently performed surgical procedure after cesarean section for women who are of reproductive age in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), from 2011 to 2015 10.6% of…
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Introduction In the field of male reproductive surgery, optical magnification is crucial due to the microscopic anatomic structures. The microsurgeon gains advantages with tools and technology for ease of use and ergonomics. These surgical procedures had fairly poor outcomes due…
Introduction Augmentation cystoplasty is traditionally indicated for small-capacity, poorly compliant bladders, refractory to more conservative treatment strategies. Aggressive pharmacological therapies with anticholinergics or β3-mimetic drugs, intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin, and sacral neuromodulation have reduced the need for augmentation cystoplasty…
Introduction Ureteral strictures may arise from a multitude of etiologies including ischemia, iatrogenic trauma, noniatrogenic trauma, retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF), radiation, malignancy, or ureteral calculi. Surgical reconstruction is necessary to preserve renal function due to the risk of prolonged hydronephrosis as…
Fistulae of the urinary tract: Vesicovaginal, ureterovaginal, and rectourethral A fistula is an epithelialized or endothelialized connection between two or more organs. Frequently, it will be named after the organs or systems affected. Some fistulae can be made intentionally to…
Introduction With increasing social acceptance of the transgender community, the number of trans-identifying patients is increasing in the United States, with an estimated 0.39% to 2.7% of the US population identifying as transgender or gender nonbinary. Expanding insurance coverage of…