Historical Trials In the first Milan trial, patients with stage IIIA or IIIB breast cancer were given four cycles of doxorubicin and vincristine, followed by 60 Gy to the breast and a 10-Gy boost to the area of residual tumor.…
Psychosocial Aspects of Breast Cancer As early detection and treatment of breast cancer have improved, survival rates have increased to the extent that 89% of individuals with breast cancer now survive 5 years beyond diagnosis, and 83% of individuals survive…
According to the National Cancer Institute and National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship, an individual is considered a cancer survivor from the time of cancer diagnosis through the balance of his or her life. With improved diagnostics and treatment plans, the…
What is the Experience of Menopause in Women With Breast Cancer? The median age of breast cancer diagnosis is 63 years; therefore most women experience natural menopause prior to starting their cancer journey. However, the number of premenopausal women diagnosed…
Lymphedema is the most dreaded complication of breast cancer surgery. It may result in functional, esthetic, and psychological problems, thereby affecting the quality of life of the breast cancer patient. It also predisposes patients to development of infections, decreased functional…
The first 15 years of the 21st century witnessed an exponential increase in the emphasis on quality and performance measurement for providers, as well as hospital systems. Furthermore, payers of care, including the United States government, have proposed shifting US…
Introduction Nearly 100,000 reproductive-age women are diagnosed with cancer annually in the United States, with the most common malignances being breast, hematologic, gynecologic, and central nervous system cancers. Approximately 25,500 cases of breast cancer are diagnosed annually among reproductive-aged women,…
Introduction Bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Denosumab is a RANK ligand inhibitor that prevents bone turnover. As a result, these medications have several therapeutic roles. Primarily, they were used as antiosteoporosis medications. Later, these drugs were used to prevent or…
With advances in screening, early detection, and treatment modalities, most women who are diagnosed with and treated for localized early-stage breast cancer will be long-term survivors. From 1989 to 2017, the breast cancer death rate continued to decline, dropping by…
Background As of January 2019, there were 16.9 million cancer survivors in the United States, of which women with a history of breast cancer made up 3.8 million (22.5%). Breast cancer remains the most common cancer affecting women, with greater…