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Category Surgery

Surgery

Neurophysiologic Monitoring of the Cervical Spine

Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis This chapter discusses the application of various intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) techniques (also known as modalities) during cervical spine surgery, namely, somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs), transcranial electrical motor-evoked potentials (TCeMEPs), direct epidural potentials, spontaneous electromyography (sEMG), triggered…

Textbook of the Cervical Spine
January 27, 2024

Surgery

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cervical Spine

Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is instrumental in evaluation of symptomatic cervical spine degeneration and guidance of surgical treatment. In the setting of trauma, MRI can help define unexplained neurologic injuries, assess for soft tissue damage, and…

Textbook of the Cervical Spine
January 27, 2024

Surgery

Radiographic and Computed Tomography Evaluation of the Cervical Spine

Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Conventional radiographs and computed tomography (CT) imaging are integral parts of the evaluation of a patient with suspected cervical spine abnormalities. The treating clinician must have a thorough understanding of the role of the imaging studies…

Textbook of the Cervical Spine
January 27, 2024

Surgery

Evaluation of the Cervical Spine

Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis This chapter describes a methodical approach to the patient with suspected cervical spine disease. Characteristic aspects of the history and physical examination are discussed and warning flags for musculoskeletal and neurologic diseases which mimic spinal disease…

Textbook of the Cervical Spine
January 27, 2024

Surgery

Biomechanics of the Cervical Spine

Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis The determination of spine stability is a controversial topic and continues to evolve. Understanding the anatomy and the biomechanical principles is fundamental to the performance of successful cervical spine surgery. The clinician must possess broad knowledge…

Textbook of the Cervical Spine
January 27, 2024

Surgery

Developmental and Congenital Disorders of the Cervical Spine

Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Congenital anomalies of the pediatric cervical spine arise from a failure of normal development occurring early in the embryonic process. Failure to recognize these pathologic processes risks overlooking segmental instability, developing progressive spinal deformity, encroachment on…

Textbook of the Cervical Spine
January 27, 2024

Surgery

Anterior Approaches and Surgical Considerations for Pathology of the Cervicothoracic Junction

Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis Surgical exposure of the anterior cervicothoracic junction poses a unique challenge for spine surgeons. Several distinct features of this region contribute to the difficulty of approach. However, given the complexities and challenges of this region, subsequent…

Textbook of the Cervical Spine
January 27, 2024

Surgery

Posterior Surgical Approach to the Cervical Spine

Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis The midline posterior approach is the most commonly used approach to the cervical spine. It allows efficient and safe access to the posterior elements of the occipitocervical region and the subaxial cervical spine. It is indicated…

Textbook of the Cervical Spine
January 27, 2024

Surgery

Anterior Surgical Approach to the Cervical Spine

Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis The approach to the anterior cervical spine is one of the most common approaches performed in cervical spine surgery. Because of the vital anatomy near the surgical dissection, potential complications from this approach are severe. Therefore,…

Textbook of the Cervical Spine
January 27, 2024

Surgery

Approaches to the Upper Cervical Spine

Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis The upper cervical spine encompasses the area spanning the occiput, the atlas (C1), the axis (C2), and the C2-C3 motion segment. The authors discuss four main approaches to the upper cervical spine: the dorsal or posterior,…

Textbook of the Cervical Spine
January 27, 2024