Key Points ■ Neuropathic arthropathy is a progressive, destructive joint disease associated with sensory loss. ■ It is characterized by relative lack of pain resulting from sensory neuropathy and by atrophic changes on plain radiography. ■ Bony swelling and soft…
Key Points ■ This chronic, age-related condition is characterized by new bone growth, especially at entheses. ■ Radiologic findings are characteristic but may be confused with those of spondyloarthritis. ■ Few symptoms are related to diagnostic changes in the thoracic…
Key Points ■ Paget disease of bone is a focal disorder of bone remodeling characterized by accelerated bone resorption coupled with formation that results in bony enlargement and deformity. ■ The disease may occur in one or more bones; has…
Key Points ■ Osteomalacia is caused by a defect in the mineralization of osteoid laid down by mature osteoblasts. The most common causes of osteomalacia and rickets are vitamin D deficiency and calcium deficiency. Any acquired or inherited disorder that…
Key Points ■ Glucocorticoids are commonly prescribed, and even chronic low doses can have deleterious effect on bone. ■ Fracture risk is correlated to the dose and duration of glucocorticoid exposure. ■ Multiple classes of medications have been shown to…
Key Points ■ It is estimated that more than 9% of adults older than the age of 50 years have osteoporosis at either the femoral neck or lumbar spine. ■ In Canada, the lifetime risk for hip fracture is estimated…
Key Points ■ Bone turnover comprises two processes: the removal of old bone (resorption) and the laying down of new bone (formation). ■ N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), markers of bone…
Key Points ■ Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone strength and increased susceptibility to fractures. The reduction in bone strength is a function of reduced bone mass and abnormal bone quality. Determinants of bone quality include…
Key Points ■ Osteoporosis is a common disease that affects bone and is associated with increased risk of fragility fractures. ■ Fractures occur most frequently at the spine, hip, and wrist, but fractures related to osteoporosis also occur at other…
Key Points ■ Osteoporosis is a systematic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, and susceptibility to fracture. It can be divided into primary and secondary forms. ■ The most widely used definition of osteoporosis…