Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the anatomy encountered during a venous duplex imaging examination Understand venous physiology as it relates to the development of peripheral venous disease List the risk factors, signs, and…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the anatomy encountered during an arterial duplex examination Understand arterial physiology as it relates to the development of peripheral arterial disease Recognize the risk factors associated with peripheral…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Distinguish normal from abnormal intracranial arterial anatomy Understand the circle of Willis physiology and hemodynamics Outline the technical aspects and proper instrumentation and control settings used to perform high-quality…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: List the risk factors, signs, and symptoms for stroke and carotid artery disease Distinguish normal from abnormal carotid anatomy Understand the physiology of the carotid arterial system Discuss the…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: List the three factors that contribute to congenital heart disease Describe why the four-chamber view cannot rule out all forms of congenital heart disease Discuss the pathologic conditions covered…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Understand the embryologic development of the fetal heart Describe fetal circulation List the maternal risks factors that would require fetal echocardiography Explain how to sonographically evaluate the fetal heart…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Identify the echocardiographic distinction between pericardial effusion and pleural effusion Describe the echocardiographic findings in cardiac tamponade Describe the echocardiographic findings in dilated, restrictive, infiltrative, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Recognize…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Define the characteristics and causes of mitral regurgitation Know how to calculate the proximal isovelocity surface area method Describe the common causes of mitral stenosis Explain the causes of…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the transducer selection and patient position for a cardiac examination Describe the imaging planes used in echocardiography Define suprasternal, subcostal, apical , and parasternal Describe a normal cardiac…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Understand the fundamental concepts of hemodynamics as applied to ultrasound State basic knowledge of the cardiac cycle, normal intracardiac pressures and volumes, cardiac output, stroke volume, and its mechanisms…