Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the development and normal anatomy of the umbilical cord Predict obstetric problems that may be associated with abnormal umbilical cord dimensions Discuss the umbilical cord disorders presented in…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe embryogenesis of the placenta List the functions of the placenta List and describe imaging techniques and sonographic findings of the placenta Identify placental position and describe its importance…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe methods of genetic screening testing, including maternal serum markers and cell-free DNA Describe methods of diagnostic genetic screening testing, including chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis Describe the ultrasound…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Define high-risk pregnancy Describe the maternal and fetal factors for a pregnancy that are considered high risk Discuss the role of sonography in the high-risk pregnancy Key Words Acardiac…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe how intrauterine growth restriction may be detected by sonography Differentiate between symmetric and asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction List which growth parameters should be used to assess intrauterine growth…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Discuss gestational sac growth, take measurements, and assess gestational age Describe how to perform a crown-rump measurement and evaluate growth Measure, calculate the biparietal diameter, head circumference, three-dimensional cranium,…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: List the components of a standard obstetric examination in the second and third trimesters, recognize and describe the fetal anatomy recommended for review Define terminology specific to fetal presentation…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe viable and nonviable pregnancy with appropriate terminology List sonographic features of failed pregnancy Describe sonographic findings of retained products of conception Explain the clinical and sonographic findings in…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the early development of the embryo and its sonographic appearance at different gestational ages Explain the clinical roles of first-trimester maternal serum biochemistry Define the sonographic characteristics of…
Objectives On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Identify multiple sources of moral beliefs in a pluralistic society Differentiate morality from ethics Describe the application of nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, veracity, and autonomy in various settings where sonographic…