Abdominal masses in children present with variable symptoms, including abdominal pain, abdominal distention, and palpable mass on physical examination. Palpable abdominal masses are a common presenting problem on pediatric outpatient services. Although many pediatric patients ultimately have benign causes for…
In pediatrics, one of the most common presenting symptoms to the pediatrician or emergency department is abdominal pain. It is a source of much consternation for parents and is often an extrapolated symptom by the parent based on how the…
Vomiting is common in infancy. Parents reporting that their infant is vomiting may be dealing with regurgitation from nonpathological “spitting up” after feeds, which can be normal in newborns and usually resolves over time. Clinicians fear vomiting secondary to obstruction,…
Congenital heart disease (CHD) can be a challenge for the imagers because it requires a profound knowledge of the morphological and functional characteristics of a broad range of heart defects. Moreover, complex CHD often involves palliative or corrective surgical intervention…
The mediastinum is the most common location for intrathoracic masses in children. Mediastinal masses in pediatric patients are composed of a heterogeneous group of lesions ranging from benign, asymptomatic, and incidentally detected lesions to malignant, symptomatic, and potentially life-threatening masses.…
Respiratory distress is one of the most common complaints seen in the pediatric urgent care or emergency department setting. Clinically, respiratory distress is characterized by tachypnea, increased respiratory effort, and poor oxygenation. Radiographs remain the primary imaging modality for evaluation…
The “head and neck” encompasses extracranial structures from the skull base to the thoracic inlet including the orbits, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses (PNSs), face, jaws, temporal bones and soft tissues of the neck, oral cavity, and upper aerodigestive tract. In…
The spinal cord is an integral part of the neural axis or central nervous system. Disease entities in the brain or spinal cord may have a direct or indirect influence on each other. Imaging of the pediatric spine differs from…
Imaging the Pediatric Brain The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the skull, brain, spine, and spinal cord. Imaging the brain in children differs from imaging adult patients in many respects. Ultrasound, a modality rarely used in adult neuroradiology, plays…
Imaging Techniques Radiography Conventional radiographs depict the bony detail of the skeletal system quite well and remain the mainstay in the evaluation of musculoskeletal disease. In the setting of acute trauma, radiographic views of the long bones are obtained in…