Children differ physiologically from adults and are susceptible to abnormalities in development and maturation not seen in adults. They differ in anatomy (e.g., the thymus) and are more susceptible to the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. This chapter highlights some…
Advances in neuroimaging have had a remarkable impact on the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic diseases ranging from earlier detection and treatment of stroke to a more timely diagnosis of dementia, from the rapid detection and treatment of cerebral aneurysms…
Abdominal Trauma The role of advanced imaging techniques deserves special mention in abdominal trauma. Radiology has made a significant impact on the lives of traumatized patients by distinguishing those patients who can be managed conservatively from those who need surgical…
Trauma is the leading cause of death, hospitalization, and disability in Americans from the age of 1 year through age 45. The major imaging findings of chest trauma will be discussed in this chapter. Table 25.1 summarizes some of the…
Recognizing an Acute Fracture It seems like everyone is fascinated by an x-ray of a broken bone. Fractures are a favorite among those learning radiology, perhaps because of how common and seemingly straightforward they are. In this chapter we tell…
Magnetic resonance imaging , with its superior soft-tissue differentiation, is the study of choice for most diseases of the spine because of its ability to visualize and detect abnormalities in soft tissues, such as bone marrow, the spinal cord, and…
Conventional Radiography, CT, and MRI in Bone Imaging Most examinations of bone start with conventional radiographs obtained with at least two views exposed at a 90-degree angle to each other (called orthogonal views ) so as to localize abnormalities better…
How MRI Works Because magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses the molecular composition of tissues, especially water, it is particularly sensitive to detecting soft-tissue abnormalities in much higher detail than CT scans, although the two imaging modalities are complementary. MRI produces…
In this chapter, we will discuss some additional applications of ultrasound, including vascular ultrasound, pediatric applications of ultrasound, and point-of-care ultrasound. Vascular Ultrasound Vascular ultrasound uses both B-mode (gray-scale) ultrasound and Doppler ultrasonography— a combination called duplex sonography —to display…
Ultrasound (US) is a diagnostic imaging tool that makes use of probes (transducers) that can produce an acoustical frequency that is hundreds of times greater than humans can hear and which uses that acoustical energy to localize and characterize human…