Overview This chapter provides a framework for the diagnostic approach to axillary lymphadenopathy and its differential considerations including unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy, bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy, and axillary nodal calcifications. A brief overview of the evaluation and management of axillary lymph nodes…
Overview This chapter will review the definition of breast conservation therapy, indications for this therapy, principles of preoperative tumor localization and surgical specimen radiography, surveillance after breast conservation therapy, expected changes after breast conservation therapy, and typical imaging findings of…
Overview This chapter reviews the imaging and molecular tumor profiling used in the eighth edition of the TNM staging system developed and maintained by the American Joint Committee on Cancer. The aim of staging is to guide treatment and provide…
Overview This chapter reviews the imaging evaluation and differential considerations in patients with breast symptoms, including the scenarios of palpable lump, nipple discharge, other nipple changes, breast pain, and breast swelling . Despite early detection of asymptomatic cancers from screening…
Overview This chapter outlines a systematic approach to the diagnostic evaluation of noncalcified findings identified at screening mammography, including masses and asymmetries. Modalities discussed include mammography, tomosynthesis, and ultrasound. For asymptomatic patients, the purpose of the diagnostic workup is to…
Overview This chapter will review the science behind screening mammography including a summary of different screening guidelines and discussion of controversies surrounding screening recommendations. The second part of this chapter will review how to systematically approach screening mammography interpretation. Why…
Overview This chapter discusses screening guidelines for women at average risk and elevated risk, and supplemental screening tools beyond full-field digital mammography (FFDM). Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed nonskin cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer…
Overview This chapter discusses determining breast cancer risk, population subgroups at higher risk, and models to evaluate breast cancer risk. Early detection and treatment of breast cancer reduces breast cancer–related mortality. Evaluating and predicting an individual woman’s risk of developing…
Overview This chapter covers normal breast anatomy and correlation between imaging and pathology, including management of benign lesions, high-risk lesions, and malignancies. Knowledge of breast anatomy and pathology is critical for accurate image interpretation. Understanding the spectrum of benign and…
Overview This chapter covers the fundamentals of breast MRI, including indications, technical considerations and MRI artifacts, MRI interpretation and reporting, and the basics of MRI-guided breast interventions. Indications Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has higher sensitivity for detecting breast cancer…