Introduction The genitourinary (GU) tract is especially prone to anatomical and morphological variations, and successful intervention relies on careful anatomical appreciation and planning. This chapter describes the various interventional procedures currently used in the GU tract but commences with a…
Kidney Renal Artery Stenosis Background Stenosis of the renal artery, which is usually focal, can cause a cascade of ischaemic-driven events in the kidney, in addition to other potential insults such as cholesterol embolisation. This can lead to clinical consequences…
Management of Biliary Obstruction Introduction Biliary intervention is not as prevalent as it was 30 years ago because of the advent of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Skilled endoscopists can treat the vast majority of patients with biliary obstruction with stents,…
Image-guided drainage is an established technique with a multitude of applications. However, the indications, techniques and management of image-guided catheter drainage continue to evolve. Percutaneous drainage is now the technique of choice for the drainage of abscesses in most locations.…
Image-Guided Biopsy Introduction There is an increasing role for imaging in the planning and performance of biopsy procedures. It is generally deemed unacceptable in modern practice to perform ‘blind’ biopsies on anything other than the most superficial lesions when imaging…
Since the first edition of this textbook, vascular radiology has changed beyond recognition. It was only 30 years ago that the role of radiology in the vascular system was mainly to provide diagnostic images using invasive angiography. Since the development…
Introduction Open surgery for the treatment of aortic pathologies is technically demanding for surgeons and invasive for the patient. It is a major physiological insult often resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Mortality rates from elective surgery of open thoracic…
Introduction It was Dos Santos who performed the first diagnostic angiogram in 1929 in Lisbon. With the introduction of the Seldinger technique in 1953, the procedure became much safer and was rapidly popularised ( Fig. 78.1 ). Diagnostic angiography was…
Introduction Noninvasive cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and preintervention assessment of patients with vascular disease. Because imaging of vascular disease imposes stringent requirements in terms of…
Normal Brain Maturation Brain maturation is assessed by observing tissue characteristics related to myelination, as well as variations in morphology. Most of the changes associated with myelination occur in the first 2 years of life, and gyral and sulcal development…