Chest Wall and Lung Trauma Chest Wall and Lung Trauma Rib fractures More than 50% of acute fractures are missed on the initial CXR ▸ additional lateral or oblique views are inappropriate in an acute trauma patient – the main…
HRCT Patterns of Diffuse Lung Disease HRCT Technique Thin collimation (1-2 mm) with a high spatial frequency algorithm reconstruction ▸ interspaced versus volumetric acquisition (dose considerations) Reducing slice thickness < 1 mm will not increase spatial resolution but increase image noise A…
Evaluation of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Evaluation of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule Definition This is defined as a solitary circumscribed pulmonary opacity with no associated pulmonary, pleural, or mediastinal abnormality ▸ it measures < 3 cm in diameter Many are discovered…
Mechanisms and Radiographic Appearances Mechanisms and Causes of Lobar Collapse Lobar collapse: this is divided into those causes due to an endobronchial obstruction (intrinsic or extrinsic) or those causes without obstruction ▪ A segment of atelectatic lung pivots around the…
Tracheal Disorders Post-Traumatic Strictures Definition These are usually secondary to damage from external neck trauma or from a cuffed endotracheal or tracheostomy tube CXR/CT A focus of circumferential or eccentric tracheal narrowing associated with a segment of increased soft tissue…
Lobar Pneumonia Lobar Pneumonia Definition An infection developing within the distal airspaces (and adjacent to the visceral pleura) ▸ it spreads via collateral air drift (pores of Kohn), producing homogeneous opacification of partial or complete lung segments (and occasionally an…
Mediastinitis Acute Mediastinitis Definition Acute infection of the mediastinum ▸ this is rare It is most commonly due to an oesophageal perforation (e.g. following endoscopy or from a swallowed object) – the alimentary contents serve as an infective source Other…
Chest Wall: Bony and Soft Tissue Lesions Rib Lesions Benign Congenital abnormalities The upper ribs are commonly bifid, splayed, fused, or hypoplastic ▸ they are occasionally associated with syndromes (e.g. basal cell naevus syndrome) or other anomalies (e.g. Sprengel's deformity)…
Introduction Image-guided interventional procedures in the spine and the appendicular skeleton are used in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions of benign or malignant origin. The procedures that are described in the present chapter should be performed by…
Introduction The number of venous interventions performed by interventional radiology (IR) is increasing. These increasing demands can be broadly divided into those for venous access, and those relating to the management of deep vein thromboses (DVTs). The latter includes the…