Introduction Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing or rapid prototyping, originated in the 1980s and encompasses various processes that create physical 3D objects by fabricating them layer by layer from a digital file. , Whether the 3D printed…
Introduction The process of creating a physical three-dimensional (3D) printed model from medical imaging data is complicated and involves numerous steps. In order for a patient-specific anatomic model to be suitable for 3D printing, segmented anatomical regions of interest must…
Introduction In medical imaging, a three-dimensional (3D) image, or volume, is often acquired by stacking up a series of two-dimensional (2D) slice images. Just as 2D images are made up of pixels, 3D volumes such as computed tomography (CT) or…
Medical imaging technologies, which allow us to “see into” and understand living systems, play a significant role in biology and medicine. The X-ray has paved the way for many high-tech medical imaging technologies that are used today including computed tomography…
Introduction Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are now entering their fourth decade of use and many medical applications now are very well established and optimized. Despite this, many in the medical field are surprised to hear that 3D printing is not…
Treatment of primary or metastatic hepatic tumors includes surgical resection, hepatic transplantation (for hepatocellular carcinoma), systemic drug therapy, and transarterial chemo and radioembolic therapy. Limited disease may be amenable to surgical resection. However, only 10%-20% of patients with primary hepatocellular…
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in both men and women in the United States. It accounts for approximately 32% of deaths in males and 25% in females. Most patients with primary and secondary lung malignancies are nonsurgical…
Before the advent of tumor ablation, the curative treatment for primary renal cell cancer (RCC) was to perform laparoscopic or open nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy. Many patients are deemed unsuitable for potentially curative surgical techniques because of limited renal functional…
Tumor ablation techniques and applications have received increasing attention, research and experience over the past decade and have become an integral component of the treatment plans of some oncology patients. As techniques of application have become increasingly sophisticated, the patient…
Musculoskeletal interventional procedures are a fast growing area for interventional radiology. The most commonly performed techniques and the most promising new techniques are described in this chapter. Image Guidance Percutaneous musculoskeletal interventions, like other interventional procedures, are usually performed with…