10.1 Introduction The National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) Report No. 116, Limitation of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation, outlines the goals and philosophies of radiation protection in Chapter 2 of that document. The specific objectives are: 1. “To prevent the…
9.1 Introduction First proposed by Robert Wilson in 1946, radiation therapy with proton beams quickly became a reality with the first patient treatments performed in 1954 at Lawrence Berkeley National Labs. Starting in 1961 the Harvard Cyclotron Lab began treating…
8.1 Introduction Brachytherapy is defined as the temporary or permanent application of small, sealed radioactive sources in close proximity to or within the target volume. The treatment dose distribution is characterized by localized high dose and a steep dose drop-off.…
7.1 Introduction A key component of safe and effective modern radiotherapy is the ability to align a patient with respect to the radiation beam during treatment. Current means of accomplishing this include 3D visualization of soft tissue structures (via computed…
6.1 Introduction Proper immobilization techniques accomplish a variety of clinical goals including the following: ▪ Reduce patient motion and improve day-to-day reproducibility of setup. External beam treatments typically require several tens of minutes to complete, and during this time the…
5.1 Introduction In modern radiotherapy the vast majority of dose calculations are performed by computerized systems. There may be minor exceptions such as radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine. The system may calculate all or some of the following: point doses,…
Challenge Each case tests your ability to apply the fundamental principles we have just gone over and over. Suggestions 1 Read the history. 2 Evaluate the x-ray with your routine scanning pattern (ATMLL—Are There Many Lung Lesions?), making all the…
These quizzes were set up in the prior edition to simulate the oral boards in radiology. The oral boards have been discontinued, but you may find it interesting to “work against the clock.” These cases are more difficult and should…
Welcome to the real world of radiology! Section A ( the real world ) contains 10 cases with the patient's age, sex, and a brief history. Section B ( the real, real world ) contains 10 cases with just the…
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