Normal Anatomy and Imaging Techniques The normal anatomy and configuration of the heart on a chest x-ray and on a computed tomography (CT) scan were discussed in Chapter 3 . Imaging of the heart also can be done with magnetic…
Imaging Methods Breast imaging generally refers to mammography. Mammography can detect a significant number of tumors not found by palpation or self-breast examination. Even if a mass is palpable, there are no reliable physical characteristics to distinguish benign from malignant…
The Normal Chest Image Technical Considerations Exposure Making a properly exposed chest x-ray is much more difficult than making x-rays of other parts of the body because the chest contains tissues with a great range of contrast. The range stretches…
Skull and Brain The appropriate initial imaging studies for various clinical problems are shown in Table 2.1 . TABLE 2.1 Imaging Modalities for Cranial Problems Suspected Cranial Problem Initial Imaging Study Skull fracture CT scan including bone windows Major head…
These Regulations, together with the Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 (S.I. 1999/3232) partially implement, as respects Great Britain, Council Directive 97/43/Euratom (OJ No. L180, 9.7.97, p. 22) laying down basic measures for the health protection of individuals against dangers of ionizing…
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Introduction It is a legal requirement that consent be obtained from a patient before any medical care can be provided, with the exception of emergencies where consent cannot be obtained. Consent can take two forms: implied or express. When patients…
Medical emergencies occurring in the radiology department may be due to: 1. Medication or radiographic contrast given 2. Procedure-related complications 3. Deterioration of pre-existing morbidities. Patients may develop cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, inadequate ventilation or adverse drug/radiographic contrast reactions. Complications arise…
Sedation Sedation is the use of a drug or drugs to produce a state of depression of the central nervous system that enables interventional procedures or treatment to be carried out. Sedative drugs may be combined with drugs used for…