Conditions Associated With Cardiac Iron Loading There are several conditions that can potentially lead to cardiac iron loading with cardiac complications. Cardiac iron loading can occur via two distinct mechanisms: first, primary disruption of iron regulation (genetic hemochromatosis syndromes) where…
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) exploits the inherent difference between tissues in their configuration of atoms by generating differing signals—the fundamental tissue properties T1, T2, and T2*. Whereas differences in these parameters had to be previously visualized by weighted sequences, they…
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as a disease of the myocardium characterized by left ventricular dilatation and systolic impairment that cannot be exclusively explained by abnormal loading conditions (such as hypertension or valvular heart disease) or coronary artery disease. The…
As an imaging modality, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) offers unrivaled versatility and freedom of anatomic access. In relation to heart valve disease, its relative strengths include the following: Depiction by cine imaging of valve movements and jet flow in planes,…
Arteries are elastic tubes whose diameter varies with the pulsating pressure. In addition, they propagate the pulse created by ejection of blood by the heart, at a velocity that is determined largely by the elastic properties of the arterial wall.…
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of global mortality. It results from atherosclerosis, which is a systemic and progressive disease involving the intimal layer of large- and medium-sized arteries. Atherothrombosis, defined as atherosclerotic plaque disruption (predominantly plaque rupture)…
Although death rates in industrialized countries have been consistently falling since the 1980s, atherosclerosis is now raging throughout the developing world. As a consequence the complications of atherosclerosis have become the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Fundamentally, atherosclerosis…
Since the report published in 1968 by Favaloro about the use of saphenous veins to restore coronary artery blood flow in 171 patients, a large number of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures have been performed worldwide. In the United…
A coronary stenosis may be observed during cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) as an area of signal loss caused by turbulent flow, and although both the degree and the extent of signal loss are indicative of the severity of the stenosis,…
Chapter 23 reviewed the technical issues and solutions for coronary artery cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. This chapter reviews the clinical data comparing coronary artery CMR with invasive x-ray coronary angiography for identification of anomalous coronary artery disease (CAD), characterization…