Overview In this chapter, we cover the important areas of renal, urinary tract and pelvic imaging in children, emphasising the importance of congenital abnormalities and the need for minimising radiation burden and optimising image quality. Ultrasound (US) is the preferred…
Introduction Paediatric gastrointestinal (GI) radiology is most appropriately approached and dealt with according to the age of the patient, and for this reason the chapter has been subdivided into sections; the first details neonatal pathology and the latter relates to…
The Neonatal Chest Normal Anatomy and Artefacts The anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the neonatal chest is almost as great as its transverse diameter, giving the chest a cylindrical configuration. The degree of rotation is best assessed by comparing the length…
Medical diagnostic imaging has evolved and rapidly improved over the past five decades as a result of novel developments in diagnostic digital imaging and interventional techniques. With technical advances in computer processing power, high-resolution display monitors/workstations, increased computing power and…
Personalised Medicine in Oncology One of the major aims of oncological imaging is to detect and differentiate a tumour from normal tissue and thus it is necessary to understand the fundamental cellular changes that occur when a tumour forms, and…
Radiation therapy has been used as a treatment for cancer for more than 100 years, with its earliest roots dating back to the discovery of x-rays in 1895. Its development in the early 1900s is largely due to the work…
This chapter deals with a variety of non-neoplastic blood-related disorders that have a major influence on imaging of the skeletal system. Disorders of Red Cells In late fetal life and infancy, the entire bone marrow is utilised for red blood…
Chapters 65 and 66 deal with various haematological conditions, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic, that may be manifest on imaging of the skeletal system. The recently updated 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloproliferative neoplasms is extremely complex and includes…
The lymphomas—a complex group of neoplasms derived from lymphoid cell lines—comprise two broad groups: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Lymphoma is the fifth commonest malignancy in developed countries. The overall incidence of NHL rose steadily from the 1960s,…
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the UK with over 55,000 diagnoses annually—almost half of cases (48%) occur in those over the age of 65. It accounts for nearly 11,500 deaths per annum. Imaging is essential for the…