In all high-income countries of the world, and increasingly in many low- and middle-income countries, injuries are the most common cause of death during childhood and adolescence beyond the 1st few mo of life ( Table 13.1 and Fig. 13.1…
Routine, scheduled care of well infants, children, and adolescents is an essential prevention effort for children and youth worldwide. Children's constantly changing development lends added value to regular and periodic encounters between children and their families and practitioners of pediatric…
Pediatricians live and work in a multicultural world. Among the world's 7 billion people residing in over 200 countries, more than 6,000 languages are spoken. As the global population becomes more mobile, population diversity increases in all countries. In the…
More than 210,000 foreign-born children (≤16 yr old) enter the United States each year as asylees (asylum seekers), refugees, and immigrants, including international adoptees (see Chapter 8 ). This number does not include undocumented children living and working in the United…
The placement of children in out-of-home care has served the needs of children in many societies worldwide throughout history. The institution of foster care was developed in the United States as a temporary resource for children during times of family…
Adoption is a social, emotional, and legal process that provides a new family for a child when the birth family is unable or unwilling to parent. In the United States, about 1 million children <18 yr of age are adopted; 2–4%…
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “Palliative care for children is the active total care of the child's body, mind and spirit and also involves giving support to the family. Optimally, this care begins when a life-threatening illness or…
Pediatric ethics is the branch of bioethics that analyzes moral aspects of decisions made relating to the healthcare of children. In general terms, the autonomy -driven framework of adult medical ethics is replaced by a beneficent paternalism (or parentalism) in…
Children may be harmed by the healthcare that aims to make them better. Such harms include central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLA-BSIs) and medication overdoses. In 1991 the Harvard Medical Practice Study reviewed a large sample of adult medical records from…
The Need for Improvement in Quality and Value Adults and children only receive recommended evidence-based care about half the time. The gap between knowledge and practice widens to a chasm in part because of variations in practice and disparities in…