Acknowledgment: Govind Narain Malaviya was the main contributor to the section on Hansen disease. He was a leader in surgery for Hansen disease in the world and has now retired. We are thankful to Dr. Malaviya for his great contribution…
To paraphrase Hans Zinsser, the prolific bacteriologist and epidemiologist: No matter how clean and regulated our society becomes, bacteria, viruses, and protozoa will always lurk in the shadows, ready to pounce when neglect, poverty, or famine weakens one’s defenses. General…
Acknowledgments: The author wishes to recognize the work of previous author Dr. Michael Gordon for his contributions to Green’s Operative Hand Surgery and to this manuscript. There are several techniques for providing anesthesia for hand surgery. This chapter provides an…
After patients have had surgery, we prefer to instruct them in a home rehabilitation program without the aid of a physical therapist. This assures us that the exercises are appropriate and the patient is less likely to be confused by…
Ultrasound (US) is an excellent imaging modality to diagnose rotator cuff and biceps disorders, but it is by no means the perfect imaging modality for the shoulder. However, there are several other shoulder imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging…
Arthroscopic techniques are rarely used in the treatment of shoulder fractures. However, arthroscopy may be beneficial in some cases of greater tuberosity fracture, coracoid fracture, fracture of the glenoid rim, and displaced intra-articular humeral head malunion. These procedures can be…
One of the most painful acute conditions affecting the shoulder is calcific tendinitis. Patients experience a sudden, atraumatic onset of severe pain that is present at rest and increases with any shoulder movement. The pain is often severe enough to…
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint pathology can be divided into conditions that cause pain or conditions of instability that may cause pain or compromise function. AC joint pain can be secondary to a specific injury, from repetitive minor trauma, or as part…
The biggest problem with the arthroscopic treatment of massive rotator cuff tears is the possibility of misdiagnosis. Often, a massive tear is retracted and appears irreparable, but after soft tissue release, the defect is partially or completely reparable. On the…
It is not clear that there is a specific definition for a massive rotator cuff tear, but it can be loosely defined as one that involves two complete tendon tears or one that is as greater than 5 cm in length…