Introduction Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a heterogeneous subgroup of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The term neuroendocrine is derived from the similarity to neural cells in the expression of proteins such as synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase, and chromogranin A. PNETs are…
Introduction Cystic lesions of the pancreas include malignant and benign processes and may or may not cause clinical symptoms. The risk of malignancy in symptomatic cyst can be high, whereas asymptomatic cysts can be benign, malignant, or premalignant. Pancreatic cystic…
Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%, and accounts for 90% of all pancreatic tumors. It remains one of the most difficult challenges in oncology because patients are typically…
Introduction Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) refers to cancers that arise from biliary epithelium. These tumors can occur anywhere along the biliary tree and are divided into extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), with ECC lesions subclassified into perihilar and distal lesions.…
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the fifth most common cancer in the world. HCC typically develops in patients with background liver disease. Screening patients at risk with ultrasound (US) and for…
Introduction Neoplasms of the pleura are a diverse group of benign and malignant pathologic entities that include both primary and secondary malignancies. Most neoplasms of the pleura are metastases, typically from lung cancer, although extrathoracic neoplasms such as breast and…
Introduction The mediastinum can be the site of a variety of neoplastic conditions that can include both benign and malignant entities. Most neoplasms of the mediastinum are metastases, typically from lung cancer, although extrathoracic neoplasms such as breast cancer and…
Introduction Lung cancer is a common malignancy, and imaging is an integral part of the detection, diagnosis, and staging of the disease, as well as assessing response to therapy and monitoring for tumor recurrence after treatment. This chapter will review…
Introduction Head and neck cancer is a topic that at first glance can be somewhat formidable, but has considerable shared risk factors as other tumors, and is often found synchronously or incidentally on workup for other lesions. Recognizing that many…
Introduction Cancer continues to be a major health problem, as one in four deaths in the United States is attributed to cancer. However, we continue to see incremental improvements over time, with the relative 5-year survival rate for cancer in…