Introduction Primary retroperitoneal tumors are exceedingly rare. Primary masses in the retroperitoneum can be categorized as one of three entities: lymphomas, extragonadal germ cell tumors, and sarcomas. Although gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arise in the intraperitoneal compartment, they can also…
Introduction Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among American men. For prostate cancer, imaging is crucial in assessing both primary disease and metastasis. Imaging is used in diagnosis, staging, pretreatment planning, disease surveillance, and monitoring response to treatment.…
Introduction Adrenal masses are found in 2% to 9% of adults. In patients with a known history of malignancy, incidentally detected adrenal masses may be either benign or metastastic (the incidence of metastasis in this scenario varies from 25% to…
Introduction Testicular cancer is the most common malignancy in males ranging from puberty to the fourth decade of life. The vast majority of testicular cancers (95%) are gonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs). The remaining 5% of GCTs in males are…
Introduction Carcinoma of the urothelium is ’one of the most common tumor to affect the genitourinary system in the United States. The urothelium is the normal epithelium that lines the entire urinary collecting system from the calyces to the prostatic…
Introduction Cancer of the kidneys constitutes nearly 2% of the total human cancer burden worldwide, with a slightly increased incidence in developed countries. Renal neoplasms represent several histologic subtypes that show a characteristic pattern of somatic mutations, which, along with…
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common adult cancers. Imaging plays an important role in the management of CRC, including screening, staging, and surveillance. Understanding the anatomy of the colon and rectum is important when interpreting radiologic…
Introduction Small bowel (SB) malignancies account for only 3% of all gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms and 0.6% of all cancers in the United States. Common primary malignant tumors include carcinoid (40%), adenocarcinoma (31%), lymphoma (17%), and sarcoma (9%). The risk of…
Introduction Over the past several decades, the incidence of gastric carcinoma in the world has been on a decline, but it remains the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There are differences in the geographic distribution, epidemiologic trends,…
Introduction Esophageal cancer (EC) is a devastating diagnosis with a high morbidity and mortality. The overall 5-year survival rate for all combined stages remains dismally low, at approximately 17%. Although it is a relatively uncommon malignancy, accounting for less than…