Genesis Compression of the forefoot with the legs flexed across the lower body in late gestation is a frequent cause of metatarsus adductus (also known as metatarsus varus ), which occurs in about 1.2 per 1000 live births and has…
Genesis Sometimes called “flexible flatfoot,” calcaneovalgus has a reported frequency of 1.1 per 1000 live births, although some authors indicate that more than 30% of newborns have calcaneovalgus deformity of both feet. It is usually the result of uterine constraint…
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Mechanical forces play an important role in both normal and abnormal morphogenesis. Anomalies that represent the normal response of a tissue to unusual mechanical forces are termed deformations , in contrast to malformations , which denote a primary problem in…
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Learning objectives List key specialties to include in interdisciplinary planning of complex surgical cases. Describe clinical and sonographic findings of abdominal pregnancy. Describe sonographic findings of cesarean scar pregnancy. Develop interdisciplinary plan for management of complex surgical cases. There are…
Learning objectives Describe the basic principles of trauma management in pregnancy. Demonstrate how to triage trauma patients to guide management. List signs of trauma-related placental abruption. Trauma in pregnancy is the main cause of maternal death due to nonobstetrical etiologies.…
Learning Objectives Describe the pathophysiology of autonomic dysreflexia. Recognize signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia. Describe prevention and treatment of autonomic dysreflexia in labor. Pathophysiology Occurs in 85% of women with spinal cord injury at level of T6 or above…
Learning Objectives Describe the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis. Identify pregnancy-related risks of myasthenia gravis. Describe management of a myasthenic crisis. Pathophysiology Autoimmune disease resulting from antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor or muscle-specific kinase When antibodies bind to acetylcholine receptor, it…