The presenting complaint when dealing with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) ( Box 4.1 ) varies with age. Infants may present with a bulging fontanelle, macrocephaly, or failure to thrive. Older children often present with headache, emesis, diplopia, or change in…
Approach to headache Headache is one of the most common neurological symptoms and the source of frequent referrals to neurology. Proper diagnosis and management of headache has a positive impact on the lives of many children and their parents, and…
The terms used to describe states of decreased consciousness are listed in Table 2.1 . With the exception of coma, these definitions are not standard. However, they are more precise and therefore more useful than such terms as semicomatose and…
Paroxysmal neurological disorders are characterized by the sudden onset of neurological dysfunction and stereotyped recurrence. In children, such events often clear completely. Examples of paroxysmal disorders include epilepsy, migraine, periodic paralysis, and paroxysmal movement disorders. Approach to paroxysmal disorders The…
NeuroPace Model RNS-300M Model RNS 320 RNS system cortical strips—CL315-10, CL-325-10, CL-335-10 RNS system depth leads—DL-330-3.5, DL-330-10, DL-344-3.5, DL-344-10 Nevro Corporation Senza Omnia IPG—NIPG2500 Surpass paddle leads—LEAD3005-50B and LEAD3005-70B Omnia percutaneous leads—LEAD1058-50B, LEAD1058-70B, LEAD1058-90B LivaNova PLC 100 NCP IPG Sentiva…
Introduction To address the future of neuromodulation, it is first important to recognize that I believe that evolutionary changes in neuromodulation devices do not play a critical role in this future. In the past, the field has identified that changes…
Since the resurgence of neurostimulation technologies in the 1990s, promising advances have been made in this field by altering nervous system function for relief of pain and other symptoms in select patients. Combined with a better understanding of the disease…
Introduction Spinal cord stimulation (SCS), a treatment for chronic intractable pain, was founded on the gate control theory of pain, which proposes that pain transmission is inhibited by activity in sensory afferent fibers, specifically Aβ fibers [ ]. SCS was…
Introduction One of the greatest advantages of neuromodulation therapies, and in contrast to ablative procedures of the past, is that the anatomical and physiological substrate of the therapy may continue to be manipulated long after the implant surgery is accomplished.…
Conflicts of interest Dr. Pilitsis is a consultant for Boston Scientific, Nevro, TerSera, and Abbott and receives grant support from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Abbott, Nevro, TerSera, GE Global Research, SBIR 1R43NS107076-01A1, NIH 2R01CA166379-06 and NIH U44NS115111. She is medical advisor…