Objectives This chapter will: 1. Outline the basic pathophysiology of the brain in acute renal failure. 2. Identify the infections known to be associated with the development of acute renal failure and cerebral dysfunction. 3. Describe the role of vascular…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the common electrolyte disturbances seen in patients with acute renal failure. 2. Review the diagnosis and treatment of hyperkalemia. 3. Review the diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Water and electrolyte disturbances are…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Delineate the differences between cardiovascular problems in acute kidney injury and those in chronic kidney disease. 2. Characterize the typical cardiovascular problems occurring in acute kidney injury and their consequences for patient outcome. 3. Review…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Present an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of common gastrointestinal problems associated with acute renal failure. 2. Describe the management of common gastrointestinal problems associated with acute renal failure. The second half…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Review the physiology of primary hemostasis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis. 2. Discuss the pathogenesis of bleeding in uremia and acute renal failure. 3. Examine the causes of venous and arterial thrombosis in uremia and acute renal…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Review the fundamentals of pharmacokinetics and toxicology. 2. Present an overview of therapeutic management of poisoning by conventional and extracorporeal circulatory methods. 3. Describe the role of supportive treatments. Accidental or premeditated ingestion of poisons…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Review the possible mechanisms of action of plasmapheresis in poisoning and drug overdose. 2. Describe the pharmacokinetic factors that affect the elimination of poisons and drugs by plasmapheresis. 3. Explain the limitations of published studies…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Present the indications for extracorporeal therapies in the treatment of acute poisoning. 2. Describe principles of drug removal and how they apply to selection of modality. 3. Describe the utility and complications of combining chelating…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Provide an overview of drugs and antidotes in acute intoxication. 2. Highlight clinical pitfalls in the management of toxicity. 3. Identify the clinically significant toxidromes. 4. Describe the effects of sodium and potassium channel blockers.…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Review basic principles of antibiotic prescribing. 2. Discuss the implications of the emergence of multi–drug-resistant organisms. 3. Review the mechanisms for antibiotic resistance. Intensive care units (ICUs) are unique because they provide confined accommodations for…