Objectives This chapter will: 1. Examine methods for measuring intermittent renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. 2. Review data documenting the response to different modes of intermittent renal replacement therapy. 3. Examine the effect of variables that affect the…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Discuss the clinical implications of using different dialysate sodium concentrations when performing intermittent hemodialysis. 2. Describe how to safely manage patients with different degrees of hyponatremia and hypernatremia using intermittent hemodialysis. 3. Review the factors…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Discuss the technical and clinical complications of hemodialysis in the intensive care unit. 2. Explain how to recognize and treat clinical and technical complications of this treatment. Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the major technical differences between intermittent hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapies to treat acute renal failure in acutely ill patients. 2. Discuss the advantages and limitations of intermittent hemodialysis in this setting. 3.…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Describe the main electrolyte components of modern dialysate. 2. Characterize clinical effects of changes in concentration of major dialysate constituents. 3. Outline the requirements for purity of dialysis water. In a general sense, hemodialysis fluid…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Present the fundamentals of biocompatibility of membranes and other factors contributing to the biocompatibility of dialysis. 2. Discuss the findings of meta-analyses concerned with the effect of biocompatibility on treatment outcomes. Biocompatibility may be defined…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Discuss the determinants of the two main dialysis mass transfer mechanisms, diffusion and convection, along with the factors influencing ultrafiltration. 2. Explain the concept of solute clearance and the various ways in which it is…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Present the specificity to implement intermittent techniques to treat acute renal failure in the intensive care unit. 2. Review the evidence regarding the effect of the type of dialysis membrane and the dialysis dose on…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Present the main bioethical problems associated with the management of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in critically ill patients. 2. Discuss a strategy, based on moral principles, for guiding the decision-making process. 3. Present a protocol…
Objectives This chapter will: 1. Identify the major factors affecting drug removal during renal replacement therapy (RRT). 2. Define the principles for appropriate dosage adjustments during RRT. 3. Describe the potential relevance of RRT in modifying the pharmacodynamic behavior of…