Introduction Paraneoplastic syndromes refer to manifestations of cancer that are not related to tumor burden, invasion, or metastatic disease. The manifestations may be systemic or organ-limited and can involve virtually any organ system. There is a paucity of literature on…
Definition Radiation nephropathy is the kidney parenchymal injury and loss of function caused by radiation exposure to the kidneys. Its typical form is caused by external beam ionizing radiation, by x-rays or gamma-rays. It may also be caused by radioisotope…
Malignancy remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. It is estimated that up to 1,735,350 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in 2018, with 609,640 deaths from cancer predicted for that year. On the…
Introduction The scope of oncology has changed greatly over the past decade as therapies for cancer have moved toward creating or intensifying an immune response against it. The ever-growing number of therapies uses a multitude of different mechanisms, including blockade…
Introduction In the past decade, advances in cell biology have led to the development of anticancer agents that target specific molecular pathways. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) defines targeted therapies as “drugs or substances that block the growth and spread…
Introduction Several conventional chemotherapeutics have been associated with renal side effects including kidney function deterioration, electrolyte disorders, tubular injury, glomerular lesions, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and the development of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) ( Tables 16.1–16.3 ). Multiple risk factors for chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity…
Introduction Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is commonly used as a treatment for malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Over the past decade, there has been more focus on the chronic complications post-HSCT, in particular chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is associated…
Introduction Since 1957, when the first bone marrow transplantation was performed by Thomas et al., hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used for the treatment of several hematologic and autoimmune disorders. With the discovery of the human leukocyte antigen…
Introduction Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for patients with hematologic malignancies, bone marrow failure syndromes, immunodeficiency states, and metabolic disorders. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a well-recognized potentially lethal complication of HSCT. It is characterized by…
Introduction Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) is a well-described complication of the high-dose conditioning regimens used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), as well as certain hepatotoxic chemotherapies or radiation therapy used in other settings, and is a well-recognized cause of…