Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions: How can the concepts of mass balance be used to measure the glomerular filtration rate? Why can inulin clearance and creatinine clearance be used…
Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions : Which structures in the glomerulus are filtration barriers to plasma proteins? What is the physiologic significance of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? Which blood vessels…
Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to answer the following questions : How do body fluid compartments differ with respect to their volumes and their ionic compositions? What are the driving forces responsible for movement…
Introduction Lymphoma is a hematologic malignancy caused by the abnormal proliferation of lymphoid cells. An estimated 80,000 people will be diagnosed with lymphoma in the United States in 2018. Because of more targeted therapies, patients with lymphoma are living longer.…
Introduction Leukemia is a group of hematologic malignancies derived from bone marrow cells, respectively. Although not as common as solid organ malignancies, the prevalence is estimated to be greater than 350,000 people with or in remission from leukemia in the…
Introduction Epidemiology Cancer patients are at a higher risk of infections with a mean annual incidence rate of 1465 cases per 100,000 cancer patients and a relative risk [RR] of 9.77 compared with noncancer patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.67–9.88).…
Introduction Renal transplantation remains the treatment of choice for eligible candidates with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), because it offers improved quality and increased quantity of life to these patients. In the early days of renal transplantation, the lack of potent…
Introduction The purpose of cancer screening is to identify treatable cancers early to improve survival. Effective cancer screening therefore depends on cancer occurrence and risk, the availability and effectiveness of cancer screening tools, and expected survival in a given population.…
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in cancer patients The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is reported to be high in patients with malignancy, being 33% and 27% according to Dogan et al. and Launay-Vacher et al., respectively. But…
Introduction Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs commonly in cancer patients and independently increases morbidity and mortality. , Despite impressive gains in the understanding of the basic pathophysiologic principles underlying kidney injury, there are no therapeutic options to prevent or ameliorate…