Introduction Acute and chronic renal impairment resulting from urinary tract obstruction is common among patients with cancer and not solely limited to patients with pelvic tumors. Unlike benign causes of urinary tract obstruction, urinary obstruction resulting from malignancies poses several…
Introduction Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) describes the series of metabolic events that result from the death of rapidly dividing cancer cells. When cancer cells die, either spontaneously or in response to chemotherapy, they lyse and release intracellular contents of electrolytes,…
Introduction Advances in therapy, risk stratification, and supportive care have improved survival of patients with cancer over the past 2 decades. Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a common complication of cancer treatment and entails increased length of stay, cost, and…
Introduction Epidemiology and risk factors Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the eighth most common malignancy in the world. According to the National Cancer Institute, in 2017 approximately 64,000 diagnoses were made in the United States and more than 330,000 worldwide.…
Introduction Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an often underdiagnosed and misunderstood disease affecting more than one million patients worldwide. Disruptions in the TSC axis lead to cellular abnormalities that result in abnormal development and postpartum cellular growth. TSC affects every…
Introduction Nephroblastoma, or Wilms tumor (WT), is the most common primary renal malignancy in childhood and represents 6% of all childhood cancers. WTs comprise over 95% of all kidney tumors in children younger than 15 years old. , Usually found…
Introduction Kidney cancer, or renal cell carcinoma (RCC), is the most common malignancy seen in the practice of nephrology. It is one of the relatively few cancers whose incidence is increasing despite our growing knowledge of the associated risk factors,…
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Paraneoplastic glomerulopathy in hematologic malignancies Paraneoplastic syndromes in the context of hematologic malignancies have been reported among multiple organ systems, including the nervous system, skin, bone marrow, and kidneys. Paraneoplastic glomerular injury has been demonstrated to be the result of…
Introduction Paraneoplastic syndrome refers to “clinical manifestations that are not directly related to tumor burden, invasion or metastasis, but are caused by secretion of tumor cell products, such as hormones, growth factors, cytokines and tumor antigens.” The idea that the…