Introduction to the Cancer Patient Conveying or receiving an initial diagnosis of cancer, or the knowledge that cancer has recurred, is among the most difficult of human enterprises, and no amount of either specialized training or forewarning can adequately assuage…
Hematopoietic cell transplantation is a procedure by which hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are infused intravenously to restore hematopoiesis and immune function following a chemotherapy conditioning regimen, with or without radiation therapy, that ablates the endogenous hematopoietic and immune system.…
Blood transfusion can be lifesaving and is currently the safest it has ever been. However, blood transfusion is associated with multiple adverse outcomes, including both noninfectious and infectious complications. The benefits and risks of transfusion can be considered for each…
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Definition Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), also referred to as consumptive coagulopathy or defibrination, is caused by a wide variety of serious disorders ( Table 161-1 ). In most patients, the underlying process dominates the clinical picture, but…
Coagulation Deficiencies Severe coagulation deficiencies, or coagulopathies, are typically characterized by spontaneous or provoked bleeding, such as during surgery or trauma, and may result in life- or limb-threatening complications. By contrast, moderate and mild coagulopathies may remain clinically silent until…
General information Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that has been used in acute oliguric renal insufficiency, acute cerebral edema, and the short-term management of glaucoma, especially to reduce intraocular pressure before ophthalmic surgery. Other indications include promotion of the excretion…
See also Leflunomide and teriflunomide General information Synthetic malononitrilamides have been derived from A77 1726, the active metabolite of leflunomide. Of these, manitimus (malononitrilamide 715; FK778) is the most promising, because of its much shorter half-life. Manitimus blocks de novo…
See also Calcium channel blockers General information Manidipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that can be given once a day for hypertension. In a comparison of manidipine 10 mg/day and amlodipine 5 mg/day in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind study…
General information Manganese is a hard but brittle grayish-white metallic element (symbol Mn; atomic no. 25) that occurs in nature chiefly in the form of its oxides, but is also found as a sulfide (for example in alabandite), carbonate (ankerite,…
General information The genera in the family of Malvaceae ( Table 1 ) include cotton, okra, and various types of mallow. Table 1 Genera of Malvaceae Abelmoschus (okra) Abutilon (Indian mallow) Alcea (hollyhock) Allosidastrum (mock fanpetals) Allowissadula (false Indian mallow)…