See also Cytotoxic and immunosuppressant drugs General information Bleomycin is a cytostatic drug that causes double-strand breaks in DNA. It has been used to treat Hodgkin’s disease and a variety of solid cancers. It is often used in combination with…
General information Bivalirudin is a 20-amino acid synthetic polypeptide analogue of hirudin. Once bound, bivalirudin is cleaved by thrombin, thereby reducing its antithrombotic activity. Bivalirudin has a half-life of 25 minutes after intravenous injection and is partially cleared renally; there…
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General information Bithionol is a chlorinated bisphenol with antihelminthic properties. It is active against most trematodes and has been recommended as preferable to praziquantel in fascioliasis and paragonimiasis, proving both effective and well tolerated. Bithionol also has antibacterial properties and…
General information The development of bisphosphonates for clinical purposes began with the discovery that inorganic pyrophosphate is present in blood and urine and inhibits the precipitation of calcium and phosphate [ ]. Derivatives of pyrophosphate had been widely used for…
See also Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists General information Bisoprolol is a highly selective β 1 -adrenoceptor antagonist. Its adverse effects profile is similar to that of atenolol [ ], and despite theoretical benefits there is no convincing clinical evidence that bisoprolol has…
General information Bismuth is a brittle reddish-white metallic element (symbol Bi; atomic no. 83). It enjoyed great popularity up to the early 20th century, and thereafter continued to be used in the form of insoluble bismuth compounds, used for their…
See also Anticholinergic drugs General information Biperiden is given orally in doses rising from 2 to 6 mg/day, more being given in individual cases. Of the anticholinergic effects that biperiden can cause, drowsiness seems to be one of the most…
See also Vitamins General information Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin of the B complex (vitamin B 10 , also called vitamin H), and is found in many foods, especially eggs and liver. Biotin is involved in the action of four…
See also Prostaglandins General information Bimatoprost is an analogue of PGF 2α , used to treat glaucoma. It is believed to lower intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor through both the trabecular meshwork and uveoscleral routes. Drug…